Variabilities and Trends of Rainfall, Temperature, and River Flow in Sipi Sub-Catchment on the Slopes ofMt. Elgon, Uganda

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dc.contributor.authorKilama Luwa, Justine
dc.contributor.authorMwanjalolo Majaliwa, Jackson-Gilbert
dc.contributor.authorBamutaze, Yazidhi
dc.contributor.authorKabenge, Isa
dc.contributor.authorPilesjo, Petter
dc.contributor.authorOriangi, George
dc.contributor.authorBagula Mukengere, Espoir
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-17T09:29:49Z
dc.date.available2022-11-17T09:29:49Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractThe variabilities in rainfall and temperature in a catchment affect water availability and sustainability. This study assessed the variabilities in rainfall and temperature (1981–2015) and river flow (1998–2015) in the Sipi sub-catchment on annual and seasonal scales. Observed daily rainfall and temperature data for Buginyanya and Kapchorwa weather stations were obtained from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA), while the daily river-flow data for Sipi were obtained from the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). The study used descriptive statistics, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Mann–Kendall trend analysis, and Sen’s slope estimator. Results indicate a high coefficient of variation (CV) (CV > 30) for August, September, October, and November (ASON) seasonal rainfall, while annual rainfall had a moderate coefficient of variation (20 < CV < 30). The trend analysis shows that ASON minimum and mean temperatures increased at = 0.001 and = 0.05 levels of significance respectively in both stations and over the entire catchment. Furthermore, annual and March, April, and May (MAM) river flows increased at an = 0.05 level of significance. A total of 14 extremely wet and dry events occurred in the sub-catchment during the post-2000 period, as compared to five in the pre-2000. The significant increased trend of river flow could be attributed to the impacts of climate and land-use changes. Therefore, future studies may need to quantify the impacts of future climate and land-use changes on water resources in the sub-catchment.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKilama Luwa, J., Majaliwa, J. G. M., Bamutaze, Y., Kabenge, I., Pilesjo, P., Oriangi, G., & Bagula Mukengere, E. (2021). Variabilities and trends of rainfall, temperature, and river flow in sipi sub-catchment on the slopes of mt. Elgon, uganda. Water, 13(13), 1834. Kilama Luwa, J.; Majaliwa, J.-G.M.; Bamutaze, Y.; Kabenge, I.; Pilesjo, P.; Oriangi, G.; Bagula Mukengere, E. Variabilities and Trends of Rainfall, Temperature, and River Flow in Sipi Sub-Catchment on the Slopes of Mt. Elgon, Uganda. Water 2021, 13, 1834. https:// doi.org/10.3390/w13131834en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps:// doi.org/10.3390/w13131834
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/5309
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherWateren_US
dc.subjectAnnual and seasonal scalesen_US
dc.subjectVariabilitiesen_US
dc.subjectExtremely wet and dryen_US
dc.subjectWater resourcesen_US
dc.subjectMt. Elgonen_US
dc.subjectUgandaen_US
dc.titleVariabilities and Trends of Rainfall, Temperature, and River Flow in Sipi Sub-Catchment on the Slopes ofMt. Elgon, Ugandaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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