Bone Mineral Density in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1–Infected Young Adult -Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate or Nonhormonal Contraceptives in Uganda
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Date
2021
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
JBMR plus
Abstract
Most studies evaluating BMD in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations have focused on antiretroviral therapy
(ART)-experienced patients. In this study, the association between HIV-1 and/or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and
BMD among untreated HIV-1–infected women in a resource-limited setting was assessed before long-term exposure to ART. The data
were then compared with that of the 2005–2008 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for
non-Hispanic White and Black women. Women aged 18–35 years, recruited from health facilities in Kampala, Uganda, were classified
based on their combination of HIV-1 status and DMPA use: (i) HIV-1–infected current DMPA users, (ii) HIV-1–infected previous DMPA
users, (iii) HIV-1–infected nonhormonal-contraceptive users, and (iv) HIV-uninfected nonhormonal-contraceptive users. All HIV-1–
infected women reported being ART-naïve at baseline. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck using
DXA. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the association between HIV-1 and/or DMPA and BMD Z-scores. Baseline data
were analyzed for 452 HIV-1–infected (220 nonhormonal users, and 177 current and 55 previous DMPA users) and 69 HIV-1–
uninfected nonhormonal-contraceptive users. The mean age was 26.1 years (SD, 4.2) with a median duration of DMPA use among current users of 24.0 months [medians (interquartile range), 12-48]. A higher proportion of HIV-1–infected previous (12.7%) or current DMPA users (20.3%) and nonhormonal users (15.0%) had low BMD (Z-score ≤−2 at any of the three sites) compared with agematched HIV-1–uninfected women (2.9%). HIV-1 infection and DMPA use were independently associated with significantly lower mean BMD Z-scores at all sites, with the greatest difference being among HIV-1–infected current DMPA users (5.6%–8.0%) versus uninfected nonhormonal users. Compared with non-Hispanic White and Black women, the Ugandan local reference population had generally lower mean BMD at all sites. Newer treatment interventions are needed to mitigate BMD loss in HIV-1–infected women in resource-limited settings.
Description
Keywords
Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve, Bone Mineral Density, Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Citation
Matovu, F. K., Nabwana, M., Kiwanuka, N., Scholes, D., Isingel, E., Nolan, M. L., ... & BONE CARE Study Team. (2021). Bone Mineral Density in Antiretroviral Therapy‐Naïve HIV‐1–Infected Young Adult‐Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate or Nonhormonal Contraceptives in Uganda. JBMR plus, 5(2), e10446.DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10446