Invasive Fungal Diseases in Africa: A Critical Literature Review

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dc.contributor.authorBongomin, Felix
dc.contributor.authorEkeng, Bassey E.
dc.contributor.authorKibone, Winnie
dc.contributor.authorNsenga, Lauryn
dc.contributor.authorOlum, Ronald
dc.contributor.authorItam-Eyo, Asa
dc.contributor.authorNgouanom Kuate, Marius Paulin
dc.contributor.authorPebalo Pebolo, Francis
dc.contributor.authorDavies, Adeyinka A.
dc.contributor.authorManga, Musa
dc.contributor.authorOcansey, Bright
dc.contributor.authorKwizera, Richard
dc.contributor.authorBaruch Baluku, Joseph
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-22T18:02:50Z
dc.date.available2023-01-22T18:02:50Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractInvasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are of huge concern in resource-limited settings, particularly in Africa, due to the unavailability of diagnostic armamentarium for IFDs, thus making definitive diagnosis challenging. IFDs have non-specific systemic manifestations overlapping with more frequent illnesses, such as tuberculosis, HIV, and HIV-related opportunistic infections and malignancies. Consequently, IFDs are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. We critically reviewed the available literature on IFDs in Africa to provide a better understanding of their epidemiology, disease burden to guide future research and interventions. Cryptococcosis is the most encountered IFD in Africa, accounting for most of the HIV-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Invasive aspergillosis, though somewhat underdiagnosed and/or misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, is increasingly being reported with a similar predilection towards people living with HIV. More cases of histoplasmosis are also being reported with recent epidemiological studies, particularly fromWestern Africa, showing high prevalence rates amongst presumptive tuberculosis patients and patients living with HIV. The burden of pneumocystis pneumonia has reduced significantly probably due to increased uptake of anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV both in Africa, and globally. Mucormycosis, talaromycosis, emergomycosis, blastomycosis, and coccidiomycosis have also been reported but with very few studies from the literature. The emergence of resistance to most of the available antifungal drugs in Africa is yet of huge concern as reported in other regions. IFDs in Africa is much more common than it appears and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Huge investment is needed to drive awareness and fungi related research especially in diagnostics and antifungal therapy.en_US
dc.identifier.citationBongomin, F.; Ekeng, B.E.; Kibone,W.; Nsenga, L.; Olum, R.; Itam-Eyo, A.; Kuate, M.P.N.; Pebolo, F.P.; Davies, A.A.; Manga, M.; et al. Invasive Fungal Diseases in Africa: A Critical Literature Review. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 1236. https:// doi.org/10.3390/jof8121236en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps:// doi.org/10.3390/jof8121236
dc.identifier.urihttps://nru.uncst.go.ug/handle/123456789/7118
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Fungi,en_US
dc.subjectinvasive fungal diseasesen_US
dc.subjectHistoplasmosisen_US
dc.subjectCryptococcosisen_US
dc.subjectHistoplasmosisen_US
dc.subjectPneumocystosisen_US
dc.subjectEmergomycosisen_US
dc.subjectMucormycosesen_US
dc.titleInvasive Fungal Diseases in Africa: A Critical Literature Reviewen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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