The long-term spatio-temporal trends in burden and attributable risk factors of major depressive disorder at global, regional and national levels during 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for GBD 2019
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Date
2024-05
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Abstract
Abstract
Aims. Caused by multiple risk factors, heavy burden of major depressive disorder (MDD)
poses serious challenges to public health worldwide over the past 30 years. Yet the burden
and attributable risk factors of MDD were not systematically known. We aimed to reveal the
long-term spatio-temporal trends in the burden and attributable risk factors of MDD at global,
regional and national levels during 1990–2019.
Methods. We obtained MDD and attributable risk factors data from Global Burden of Disease
Study 2019. We used joinpoint regression model to assess the temporal trend in MDD burden,
and age–period–cohort model to measure the effects of age, period and birth cohort on MDD
incidence rate. We utilized population attributable fractions (PAFs) to estimate the specific
proportions of MDD burden attributed to given risk factors.
Results. During 1990–2019, the global number of MDD incident cases, prevalent cases and
disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) increased by 59.10%, 59.57% and 58.57%, respectively.
Whereas the global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate
(ASPR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of MDD decreased during 1990–2019. The
ASIR, ASPR and ASDR in women were 1.62, 1.62 and 1.60 times as that in men in 2019, respectively. The highest age-specific incidence, prevalence and DALYs rate occurred at the age of
60–64 in women, and at the age of 75–84 in men, but the maximum increasing trends in these
age-specific rates occurred at the age of 5–9. Population living during 2000–2004 had higher
risk of MDD. MDD burden varied by socio-demographic index (SDI), regions and nations. In
2019, low-SDI region, Central sub-Saharan Africa and Uganda had the highest ASIR, ASPR
and ASDR. The global PAFs of intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood sexual abuse (CSA)
and bullying victimization (BV) were 8.43%, 5.46% and 4.86% in 2019, respectively.
Conclusions. Over the past 30 years, the global ASIR, ASPR and ASDR of MDD had decreased
trends, while the burden of MDD was still serious, and multiple disparities in MDD burden
remarkably existed. Women, elderly and populations living during 2000–2004 and in low-SDI
regions, had more severe burden of MDD. Children were more susceptible to MDD. Up to
18.75% of global MDD burden would be eliminated through early preventing against IPV, CSA
and BV. Tailored strategies-and-measures in different regions and demographic groups based
on findings in this study would be urgently needed to eliminate the impacts of modifiable risk
factors on MDD, and then mitigate the burden of MDD.
Description
Keywords
age-period-cohort study; bullying victimization; childhood sexual abuse; global burden of disease; intimate partner violence; joinpoint regression analysis; major depressive disorder; systematic analysis
Citation
Mo, Zhi-Yang, Ze-Zhen Qin, Jun-Jie Ye, et al. 'The Long-Term Spatio-Temporal Trends in Burden and Attributable Risk Factors of Major Depressive Disorder at Global, Regional and National Levels during 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for GBD 2019', Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, vol. 33/(2024), pp. e28-e28.