Browsing by Author "Wisniewski, Pamela"

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    Privacy at a Glance: The User-Centric Design of Glanceable Data Exposure Visualizations
    (Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2020) Wilkinson, Daricia; Bahirat, Paritosh; Namara, Moses; Lyu, Jing; Alsubhi, Arwa; Qiu, Jessica; Wisniewski, Pamela; Knijnenburg, Bart P.
    Smartphone users are often unaware of mobile applications’ (“apps”) third-party data collection and sharing practices, which put them at higher risk of privacy breaches. One way to raise awareness of these practices is by providing unobtrusive but pervasive visualizations that can be presented in a glanceable manner. In this paper, we applied Wogalter et al.’s Communication-Human Information Processing model (C-HIP) to design and prototype eight different visualizations that depict smartphone apps’ data sharing activities. We varied the granularity and type (i.e., datacentric or app-centric) of information shown to users and used the screensaver/lock screen as a design probe. Through interview-based design probes with Android users (n=15), we investigated the aspects of the data exposure visualizations that influenced users’ comprehension and privacy awareness. Our results shed light on how users’ perceptions of privacy boundaries influence their preference regarding the information structure of these visualizations, and the tensions that exist in these visualizations between glanceability and granularity.We discuss how a pervasive, soft paternalistic approach to privacy-related visualization may raise awareness by enhancing the transparency of information flow, thereby, unobtrusively increasing users’ understanding of data sharing practices of mobile apps. We also discuss implications for privacy research and glanceable security.
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    Social media’s have-nots: an era of social disenfranchisement
    (Internet Research, 2018) Page, Xinru; Wisniewski, Pamela; Knijnenburg, Bart P.; Namara, Moses
    The purpose of this paper is to investigate the motivations, concerns, benefits and consequences associated with non-use of socialmedia. In doing so, it extends Wyatt’s commonly used taxonomy of non-use by identifying new dimensions in which to understand non-use of social media. This framework encompasses a previously unidentified category of non-use that is critical to understand in today’s social media environment. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory interview study with 17 self-identified social media non-users distributed across age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. A thematic analysis is conducted based on a novel extension of Wyatt’s framework and the risk-benefits framework. This is supplemented by open coding to allow for emerging themes. Findings – This paper provides empirical insights into a formerly uninvestigated population of non-users who are prevented from using social media because of social engagement (rather than functional) barriers. It identifies how these individuals face social consequences both on and off social media, resulting in social disenfranchisement. Research limitations/implications – This is an initial exploration of the phenomenon using an interview study. For generalizability, future research should investigate non-use with a broader and random sample. Practical implications – This paper includes design recommendations and implications for social media platform designers to mitigate the consequences experienced by socially disenfranchised non-users. Social implications – Addressing concerns of this newly identified class of non-users is of utmost importance. As others are increasingly connected, these non-users are left behind and even ostracized – showing the dark sides of social media use and non-use. Originality/value – This work identifies types of non-use of social media previously unrecognized in the literature.