Browsing by Author "Ward, Philip B."

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    Physical Activity in People With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of Correlates
    (Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2016) Vancampfort, Davy; Richards, Justin; Stubbs, Brendon; Akello, Grace; Ademola Gbiri, Caleb; Ward, Philip B.; Rosenbaum, Simon
    People with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more likely than the general population to be physically inactive. The present review systematically evaluated correlates of physical activity across the socioecological model for people with PTSD. Methods: Two independent reviewers searched Embase, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, and CINAHL from inception until June 2015, combining the medical subject heading “posttraumatic stress disorder” or “PTSD,” with “physical activity” or “exercise.” Data were extracted by the same independent researchers and summarized according to the socioecological model. Results: Eight papers involving 1368 (994 men) participants (age range = 18–70 years) were eligible and enabled evaluation of 21 correlates. The only correlate (n ≥ 4) consistently associated with lower physical activity participation in people with PTSD was symptoms of hyperarousal. No consistent facilitators were identified. Conclusions: Hyperarousal symptoms are associated with lower physical activity participation among people with PTSD and should be considered in the design and delivery of individualized exercise programs targeting this population. The role of social, environmental, and policy factors on physical activity participation among people with PTSD is unknown and should be addressed by future research.
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    Type 2 Diabetes Among People With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2016) Vancampfort, Davy; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Steel, Zachary; Lederman, Oscar; Lamwaka, Alice Veronica; Richards, Justin W.; Stubbs, Brendon
    To clarify the prevalence and predictors of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and where possible compare this to healthy controls.We searched major electronic databases until May 2015 for studies reporting T2DM prevalence in people with PTSD. Two independent authors extracted data and completed methodological quality appraisal. A random-effects meta-analysis was used.From 1171 candidate publications after exclusions, nine publications were included (n = 23,396; 28.6% male; mean age = 35–60 years). The overall prevalence of T2DM was 10.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.1%–12.0%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that war veterans experience higher prevalence of T2DM (16.3%; 95% CI = 5.2%–31.8%; n studies = 3, n = 473) compared with mixed samples (11.8%; 95% CI = 6.34–18.7, p < .001; n studies = 4, n = 2753). Increasing age (β = 0.0593, 95% CI = 0.010–0.109, z = 2.34, p = .019), median year of publication (β = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.14 to −0.03, z = −3.09, p = .002), and a lower percentage of white participants (β = −3.21, 95% CI = −5.12 to −1.29, z = −2.28, p = .001) predicted prevalence of T2DM. A relative risk meta-analysis comparing controls (n = 125,723) against those with PTSD (n = 23,203) demonstrated a significantly increased risk of T2DM (n studies = 5, relative risk = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.17–1.89, p = .001).People with PTSD are at a high risk for developing T2DM. The current findings should, however, be interpreted with caution because most studies were based on self-report data.