Browsing by Author "Tenywa, Moses M."

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    Climate Change Effect on Water Use Efficiency under Selected Soil and Water Conservation Practices in the Ruzizi Catchment, Eastern D.R. Congo
    (Land, 2022) Bagula, Espoir M.; Majaliwa, Jackson Gilbert M.; Mushagalusa, Gustave N.; Basamba, Twaha A.; Tumuhairwe, John-Baptist; Mondo, Jean-Gomez M.; Musinguzi, Patrick; Mwimangire, Cephas B.; Chuma, Géant B.; Egeru, Anthony; Tenywa, Moses M.
    Concerns have been raised on the effectiveness and sustainability of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) practices as adaptation options to climate change and high intra– and inter–annual rainfall variabilities in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study was conducted in the Ruzizi Plain, a dryland area, to assess the performance of maize (Zea mays L.) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and two SWC practices (tied ridges and conventional tillage). The AgMIP’s Regional Integrated Assessment (RIA) approach was used to simulateWater Use Efficiency (WUE) under the Cropping System Model–Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CSM–CERES–Maize) of the Decision Support System for Agro–technology Transfer (DSSAT). The model was calibrated using experimental data from nine cropping seasons (2011–2018) and 100 farms. The model sensitivity was assessed as a function of temperature, water, and SWC practices for the same environments. Initial conditions of crop management practices were used as input data for CSM–CERES–Maize. Current climate data were extracted from AgMERRA datasets corrected with local data for the period of 1980 to 2021. Future climate projections (2022–2099) were obtained after down􀀀scaling the data from the 29 General Circulation Models (GCMS) of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) and subsetted to five GCMs based on climate regimes. GCMS results were a strong indicator that climate change in this DRC dryland will result in an increase in average annual temperatures for both RCP 4.5 and 8.5, with the highest increase (3.05 C) under hot/dry conditions for RCP8.5 and the lowest (1.04 C) under cool/dry conditions for RCP 4.5. All the models selected for five climate regimes for 2022–2099 showed no change in the rainfall trends for RCP 4.5 (p > 0.05). The models projected yield declines of 5–25%, with less yield losses under tied ridges as an adaptation practice. The use of efficient SWC practices could therefore be a promising strategy in reducing potential losses from climate change in drylands of eastern DRC.
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    Innovation Opportunities in Organic Pineapple Production in Uganda
    (FARA Research Reports, 2018) Nyamwaro, Sospeter O.; Tenywa, Moses M.; Kalibwani, Rebecca; Mugabo, Josaphat; Buruchara, Robin; Oluwole, Fatunbi
    Pineapple is an important horticultural crop grown in many tropical countries as a major source of income. It is also consumed as fresh and dried fruit and has been found to have high nutritional and medicinal value. In Uganda, organic pineapple production is practiced as part of organic agriculture (OA) systems that have been found to be particularly suitable for small-scale farmers. The purpose of this research was to conduct a rapid organic pineapple VCA toward identifying innovation opportunities to boost the organic pineapple production and marketing in Uganda. Uganda is leading in Africa with the largest organic area (240,197ha) and highest number of organic producers (190,552), courtesy of NOGAMU, which has been instrumental in organic farming certification in Uganda. Pineapples are produced exclusively as a small-holder crop, either as sole crop or intercropped with other crops such as bananas in a given Ugandan farming system. Organic pineapple production in Uganda is faced with many constraints including lack of national policy to support pineapple production, costly certification, and low soil fertility. Pineapple VCA conducted at the Ntungamo Organic Pineapple IP show that the chain starts with input supply of suckers to small-holder IP farmers as the main players in production and marketing to various actors in local and urban markets. Innovation opportunities exist in Uganda that can boost pineapple VC for enhanced socioeconomic gains. The identified opportunities among others include increasing farm level production, provision of affordable certification for organic producers, acquisition of advanced solar driers, and introduction of small scale pineapple processing.
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    Innovation Opportunities in Potato Production in Rwanda
    (FARA Research Reports, 2018) Mugabo, Josaphat; Nyamwaro, Sospeter O.; Kalibwani, Rebecca; Tenywa, Moses M.; Buruchara, Robin; Oluwole, Fatunbi
    Whereas Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a major staple food in many countries, it is one of the priority value chain crops under the CIP in Rwanda. The crop is more important in the northern and northwestern than other parts of Rwanda. After plantain and cassava, potato is the third most important staple cultivated by 52.9% of the households in Rwanda. With potato yields at 12mt/ha comparatively favored by rich volcanic soils and high altitudes, Rwanda is the second largest producer of potatoes in the EAC after Kenya and third largest in SSA. This research is aimed at highlighting the potential innovation opportunities for increased potato production in Rwanda. Irish potato has short growth cycles and can easily be integrated into existing agricultural systems, and stored relatively easily. It has excellent nutritional content and is a good source of dietary energy and micronutrients. Notwithstanding, potato production in Rwanda is faced with various constraints among which pests and diseases, limited land sizes, and high production costs (for pesticides and seeds) are major. Potato VCA conducted at the Gataraga Potato IP indicated that small-holder farmers were the main players in producing Irish potatoes and marketed by retailers in local markets and urban areas including Kigali. In spite of potato production seemingly looking attractive in Rwanda, innovation opportunities exist that can uplift and expand the VC for enhanced socio-economic benefits of the VC actors. These opportunities include but not limited to increasing farm level productivity, introducing processing of potatoes, and stabilizing farm prices through establishing appropriate business models. The expected new business model would builds on existing farmer institutional frameworks such as the IP cooperative society and IP potato company with the RAB engagements, and potential credit institutions, extension service providers, buyers and processors. Such an arrangement is likely to ease constraints of high production costs and unsecure markets, while improving farm-level productivity.
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    Innovation Opportunities in Sorghum Production in Uganda
    (FARA Res. Rep, 2018) Tenywa, Moses M.; Nyamwaro, Sospeter O.; Kalibwani, Rebecca; Mogabo, Josaphat; Buruchara, Robin; Oluwole, Fatunbi
    Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (L.) (Moench) is cultivated worldwide in a wide range of environments. Because of its resistance to drought, high production potential and low inputs use, sorghum is cultivated in the tropical, subtropical and temperate areas in warmer semi-arid regions of the world. In Uganda, sorghum is grown mainly in the southwestern highlands, especially in Ntungamo and Kabale districts, and in the lowland areas of eastern and northern regions of Uganda. The main objective of this research was to undertake a rapid sorghum VCA in Uganda toward identifying innovation opportunities to expand its production and marketing. Although considered a minority crop, sorghum is the third most important staple cereal food crop where it occupies up to 400, 000ha of arable land. While this area has remained stable over the years, sorghum production in Uganda has declined from 457,000 tons in 2007 to 299,000 tons in 2013. Notwithstanding, Uganda is the second largest producer of sorghum after Tanzania, in the EAC. The economic importance of sorghum is given by its large variety of uses. Sorghum grains are used for human nutrition, where it is transformed into flour for producing bread, porridge and other dishes. It is now increasingly becoming the foundation for food and beverage industries. Sorghum has high nutritional value, with high levels of unsaturated fats, protein, fiber, and minerals. Sorghum production in Uganda is faced with many constraints including lack of national policy to support its production and marketing, limited ready markets, pests and diseases, and limited use of inorganic fertilizers. Sorghum VCA undertaken at the Bubaare Sorghum IP points that the chain starts with seed production and distribution to small-holder IP farmers who are the main players in production and marketing. Based on the VCA, innovation opportunities exist in Uganda that can influence expansion of sorghum VC for enhanced socioeconomic gains of all the actors. Some of the identified opportunities among others include increasing farm level production through enacting supportive policy and providing support to KAZARDI and other NARS in seed production and distribution, introduction of small scale sorghum processing, and increasing their capacity as well as that of the existing processing entities.