Browsing by Author "Talengera, David"
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Item Adoption intensity of climate smart agricultural practices in arabica coffee production in Bududa District(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates, 2021) Faisal Salad, Abdullahi; Zziwa, Simon; Talengera, David; Nabatanzi, Lydia; Makumbi, Olivia; Najjuma, Vivian; Nafula, MarveenUganda is one of the largest producing and exporting countries of coffee in the world and second in Africa, but it continues to experience significant impacts of climate change, including erratic rainfall variability and environmental degradation. This research investigated the determinants of adoption intensity of Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices in Arabica coffee production in Bududa district. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to collect data from 117 respondents, where face to face questionnaire were used to collect the quantitative data of the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count and percentages were used to characterize coffee farmers. Tobit regression model was used to assess determinants of adoption intensity of CSA practices. Results showed that majority of the farmers (67.3%) hardly obtained any credit and majority of them (64.5%) never had access to extension services. Majority of the respondents highly adopted the use of shades (71.7%), CBI (76%), mulching (61.5), organic fertilizer (89%), contour trenches (58.9), cover crops (84.6), and stumping (55.5). Tobit regression analysis revealed that farmer’s level of education, access to extension services and marital status showed a positive and significant (P≤0.01), (P≤0.01), and (P≤0.05) influence on adoption intensity of CSA practices, respectively. Years of farming, access to credit, farm size, and farmer’s age showed a negative relationship with adoption intensity of CSA practices. In conclusion, the government of Uganda should intensify extension of adoption of CSA practices among coffee farmers.Item Adoption of improved Cassava Varieties among Small Scale Farmers in Apac District(International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review (IJASER), 2021) Oryemo, Bonny; Mbatudde, Maria; Zziwa, Simon; Nabatanzi, Lydia; Talengera, David; Barungi, Davis; Najjuma, Vivian; Nafula, MarveenLow adoption of modern agricultural technologies amongst farmers in Uganda has been identified as one of the main reasons for the low agricultural productivity and increase in poverty level. The general objective of this study is to assess the adoption of improved cassava varieties among small scale farmers in Apac District, Uganda. It utilized cross-sectional farm household level data collected in 2020 from a randomly selected sample of 120 cassava producing households from four sub-counties. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis such as frequencies, means, Chi-square test, Tobit and Logit regression models. Results revealed that majority (66.7%) of the respondents grow improved cassava varieties. NASE 14 is the most (59.2%) highly adopted compared to NASE2 (9.2%), NASE1 (9.2%), NAROCAS1 (6.6%) and NAROCAS2 (15.8%) varieties. Farmer’s level of education, access to extension services and marital status showed a positive and significant (P≤0.01), (P≤0.01), and (P≤0.05) influence on adoption of improved cassava varieties, respectively. Years of farming, access to credit, farm size, and farmer’s age showed a negative relationship with adoption improved cassava varieties. Coefficient of access to extension services (P≤0.01), farm size (P≤0.05) and farming experience (P≤0.05) positively and significantly influenced perception of farmers towards improved cassava varieties, whereas distance from the nearest market (P≤0.05) and age (P≤0.05) negatively and significantly influenced perceptions for farmers.Item Assessing New Banana Genotypes for Relevant Traits: Implication for Variety Selection(Agricultural Sciences, 2020) Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Barekye, Alex; Talengera, David; Akankwasa, Kenneth; Nowakunda, Kephas; Asasira, Moreen; Karamura, Deborah; Karamura, EldadUnderstanding the performance of new crop genotypes for traits of relevance is important in selecting potential cultivars to satisfy end-users. The objective of this study was to determine the performance of new banana genotypes for bunch mass (BMS) and BMS-related traits, resistance to black Sigatoka and sensory attributes. Eight cooking banana genotypes consisting of six new hybrid genotypes selected from advanced breeding trials and two control cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design for three crop cycles at three locations in Uganda. Genotype, location, crop cycle and their interaction effects were significantly different for most traits assessed. The overall top two genotypes (“9058K-2” and “8099K-16”) combining high BMS, resistance to black Sigatoka and acceptable sensory attributes were identified. These genotypes are suggested as potential commercial cultivars for release to farmers in Uganda and/or other East African countries with similar environmental conditions to those where the genotypes were tested. It should be noted that high BMS/yield and resistance to diseases are not the only factors to consider when selecting banana genotypes that meet end-user needs. A combination of high BMS/yield, acceptable sensory attributes and resistance to diseases essentially influence the selection process of banana cultivars.Item Development of two high-yielding, consumeracceptable apple banana hybrids (Musa species, AAB genome group) with resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1(Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2018) Buregyeya, Henry; Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Kubiriba, Jerome; Talengera, David; Nowankunda, Kephas; Arinaitwe, Geofrey; Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce K.; Karamura, Deborah; Karamura, Eldad; Rubaihayo, PatrickFusarium wilt of bananas (Musa species) is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Foc race 1 in particular affects dessert bananas in Uganda, causing >60% yield loss. This study was conducted to assess the performance of two new apple banana genotypes for bunch yield, resistance to Foc race 1 and consumer acceptability. The new apple banana genotypes (NAMU1 and NAMU2), along with two check cultivars, one susceptible but preferred by consumers (Sukali ndiizi) and the other resistant (Yangambi-KM5), were evaluated at the National Agricultural Research Laboratories in Uganda. Bunch yields of the two new apple bananas were higher than those of check cultivars by >50%. NAMU1 and Yangambi-KM5 showed no symptoms of Foc race 1, whereas NAMU2 showed mild symptoms on its corms. Sukali ndiizi showed severe pseudostem splitting and corm discoloration as the key symptoms of Foc race 1. The consumer acceptability of NAMU1 and NAMU2 was as high as that of Sukali ndiizi, implying that they can be perfect substitutes for the Foc race 1 susceptible Sukali ndiizi.Item Improved Propagation Techniques to Enhance the Productivity of Banana (Musa spp.)(Open Agriculture, 2018) Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Talengera, DavidThe objective of this article is to provide information on pertinent propagation techniques for increased banana productivity. Banana, a very important crop in many tropical and subtropical countries of the world, is propagated with extreme difficulties. Its ordinary propagation technique of using suckers directly detached from a mother plant is limited by low multiplication rates and propensity of disseminating pests and diseases, which culminates in reduced banana productivity. Improved propagation techniques such as mother plant stripping, decapitation and mini-corms that increase the number of suckers are also somewhat deficient for large scale seed production and quality. Consequently, tissue and cell culture methods have been developed to address some of the challenges of seed quantity and quality although they are yet to be widely adopted. In this detailed review that includes results from hard-to-find literature, we discuss the traditional and modern methods of banana propagation, their benefits and limitations. Specifically, tissue culture stands out as the most prolific method of delivering high quantity and quality seed in banana. Its applicability, however, is limited by high costs of production and a need for skilled personnel and specialized equipment. It is imperative that to build a sustainable and viable banana seed production system, a multiplication scheme that combines two or more multiplication methods including tissue culture for cleaning the seed stock is utilized. The information provided gives premise for interventions to alleviate the problems of low banana seed availability, quantity and quality.Item Isolation and characterisation of a banana CYCD2;1 gene and its over-expression enhances root growth(African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012) Talengera, David; Beemster, Gerrit T.S.; Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce K.; Kunert, KarlStimulation of the cell cycle by over-expression of Arabidopsis CyclinD2;1 enhanced growth in tobacco and rice, but not Arabidopsis. To broaden the range of species and to improve an important crop species for developing countries, a CyclinD2;1 homologue was isolated from an East African highland banana cultivar ‘Nakasabira’ (Musa spp., AAA group) and designated Musac;CYCD2;1 (Genebank accession no HQ839770). Musac;CYCD2;1 amino-acid sequence exhibited 40, 54, 57 and 57% identity with CYCD2;1 sequences of Arabidopsis, rice, maize and wheat, respectively. Over-expression of Musac;CYCD2;1 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter in cultivar ‘Sukali ndizi’ (AAB) resulted in transformed plants with no significant increase in total banana CYCD2;1 transcripts in the shoot, but up to 66-fold increase of total banana CYCD2;1 transcripts in roots. Correspondingly, transformed plants had no change in above-ground growth but produced longer main roots and more lateral roots under in vitro conditions. A deeper root system was observed in one transgenic line relative to non-transformed plants when grown in soil. Results demonstrate that a banana homologue of Arabidopsis CYCD2;1 can also enhance growth in a homologous background and the potential of enhancing banana root growth.Item ‘NABIO808’ (Syn. ‘NAROBAN5’): A tasty cooking banana cultivar with resistance to pests and diseases(Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2019) Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Buregyeya, Henry; Kubiriba, Jerome; Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce K.; Barekye, Alex; Tendo, Reuben S.; Namagembe, Betty; Muhangi, Sedrach; Kazigye, Francis; Talengera, David; Tindamanyire, Jimmy; Akankwasa, Kenneth; Nabulya, Gertrude; Namaganda, Josephine; Waswa, William; Kushaba, Abias; Namuddu, Mary; Oyesigye, Naboth; Namanya, Priver; Arinaitwe, Ivan K.; Waniale, Allan; Karamura, Deborah; Karamura, Eldad‘NABIO808’ is a newly released, conventionally-bred triploid cooking banana cultivar in Uganda. It produces an average bunch yield of 54.5 t ha-1 yr-1 and is resistant to weevils, nematodes, and black Sigatoka. Additionally, its food is yellow, soft, and tasty, like that of most preferred landrace cultivars, making it more acceptable to end-users.Item Perception of People with Disabilities towards Operation Wealth Creation Services in Masindi District(East African Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2021) Barungi, Davis; Zziwa, Simon; Nabatanzi, Lydia; Sserwanga, Joseph; Talengera, David; Makumbi, Olivia; Mbatudde, Maria; Nafula, Marveen; Najjuma, VivianChronic poverty and disability in Uganda are inextricably linked. Despite impressive economic gains made by the country, majority of disabled people are miserably poor. This study investigated the perception of People with Disabilities (PWDs) towards Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) services, a government program aimed at alleviating poverty. A cross-sectional survey was adopted to collect data from 66 PWDs. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, means and percentages were used to characterize PWDs and their accessibility to OWC services. A logistic regression model was run to establish the influence of socio-economic and institutional characteristics of PWDs on accessibility to services offered by the OWC. Perception of PWDs towards OWC services was as well measured using of a 5-point Likert scale. The binary logistic econometric model was applied for analyzing factors influencing perception of PWDs towards OWC services. Results showed that majority of PWDs (57.58%) were males with average age of 35years. Primary was the highest level (56.06%) of education and 96.97% of them were married with average land size was 1.39acres. 42.42% were ranging between 1-10 years of farming. Most of the PWDs (71.21%) positively perceived services by the OWC. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (P≤0.05), farm size (P≤0.05), and extension contact (P≤0.01) had positive and significant influence on accessibility of PWDs to OWC services, whereas, farming experience (P≤0.05), participation in other off farm (P≤0.05) and distance to the nearest market (P≤0.01) negatively and significantly influenced accessibility of PWDs to OWC services. Logistic regression analysis showed that the coefficient of access to extension services (P≤0.01), farm size (P≤0.05) and farming experience (P≤0.05) positively and significantly influenced perception of PWDs towards OWC services. Distance from the nearest market (P≤0.05) and age (P≤0.05) negatively and significantly influenced their perceptions. Inconclusion, integrative planning should be initiated by the implementers of operation wealth creation; to involve the PWD community in the decision making process.Item Performance of Narita Banana Hybrids in the Preliminary Yield Trial for Three Cycles in Uganda(NARO, 2015) Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce; Batte, Michael; Nyine, Moses; Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Barekye, Alex; Ssali, Tendo; Talengera, David; Kubiriba, Jerome; Lorenzen, Jim; Swennen, Rony; Brigitte, UwimanaBananas (Musa spp.) are an indispensable part of life in Eastern Africa providing up to one fifth of total calorie consumption per capita. Unlike many staple crops, bananas deliver food throughout the year, making them an ideal crop for household incomes, food and nutrition security. However, banana yields are low due to several factors amongst others pests and diseases: weevils and nematodes, Fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt and black Sigatoka. There are many potential technology-based interventions for increasing banana yields but host plant resistance is the most appropriate and cost effective intervention given the current stage of development of banana systems in the region. Host-plant resistance also offers significant spill over benefits for human health and positive environmental impacts. Therefore, the Ugandan National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) jointly breed bananas largely for host-plant resistance to improve banana yields. One of the most important current products of their joint banana breeding efforts is secondary triploid hybrids for food and juice herein referred to as NARITA hybrids. This name specifies the contribution of NARO and IITA. An earlier report (NARITA report 1) presented the results of 25 NARITA hybrids for cycles 1 and 2 combined. The current report presents and discusses the results of the same 25 NARITA hybrids (18 for food and seven for juice) evaluated for three crop cycles at Sendusu in central Uganda and analyzed in combined and separate forms. Results of individual NARITA hybrids within cycles showed high degree of variation for the traits assessed, implying a high potential for selection among the NARITA hybrids evaluated. For example, the bunch weight (BWT) of the individual NARITA hybrids ranged from as low as 5 kg for NARITA 19 to as high as 45 kg for NARITA 24 with a mean of 17.8 kg. Averaged across three cycles, BWT ranged from as low as 8.7 kg for NARITA 19 to as a high as 30.4 kg for NARITA 24. Ninety six per cent of the hybrids had a mean BWT greater than the mean of the local check (Mbwazirume) (11.0 kg). Similarly, NARITA hybrids were better than Mbwazirume for most of the other traits assessed. Eighty four per cent of the NARITA hybrids evaluated were better than the best founder parent (NFUUKA) for bunch yield (t ha-1), indicative of the significant breeding progress made by NARO and IITA in this breeding program. This could be confirmed by the positive better founder parent heterosis for BWT recorded by all NARITA hybrids, with NARITA 17, NARITA 18, NARITA 7 (M9), NARITA 21 and NARITA 14 (all food type) exhibiting highest heterosis. Results of combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences among the NARITA hybrids for all the 14 traits assessed including BWT. This indicated the potential for further selection and improvement of the NARITA hybrids for all the 14 traits. Additionally, results of combined ANOVA showed significant differences among three crop cycles for all the traits assessed except days to bunch maturity (DTM) and number of functional leaves at flowering (NFLF), indicating that the selection of banana hybrids could best be done at certain cycle numbers. The performance of NARITA hybrids for most traits was much higher at cycles 2 and 3 than at cycle 1 with the highest performance observed at cycle 3. However, the difference between cycle 2 and cycle 3 was not significantly different for most traits including BWT. The clear implication of this is that selection for banana hybrids should be done at cycle 2 to reduce costs involved in the management of trials since banana trials are always huge considering the size of bananas as well as spacing of 3 x 3 m or 2 x 3 m commonly used. Also, banana performance data analysis should not be based on a combined evaluation of cycle 1 and 2, as was previously done for NARITA report 1, but on an analysis of individual cycles, preferably cycle 2. The limitation of single site and single line plots is acknowledged. Hence, NARITA hybrids will be evaluated in larger and replicated multi-location trials to ascertain their actual performance, adaptability and stability in comparison with the local EAHB cultivars. Nevertheless, based on these preliminary results, potential high yielding banana hybrids combining resistance to black Sigatoka and farmer-preferred quality traits exist within this NARITA population.Item Ploidy level of the banana (Musa spp.) accessions at the germplasm collection centre for the East and Central Africa(African Journal of Biotechnology, 2016) Karamura, Deborah; Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Muhangi, Sedrach; Nyine, Moses; Pillay, Micheal; Ssali Tendo, Reuben; Talengera, David; Namanya, Priver; Kubiriba, Jerome; Karamura, EldadBanana Germplasm Collection serves as a source of useful genes for banana breeding. However, insufficient and/or inaccurate information on the ploidy level of the germplasm renders its utilization in breeding difficult. The objective of this study was to determine and validate the ploidy level of 120 banana accessions in the ex situ germplasm collection centre for the East and Central Africa, located in Mbarara, Uganda. Flow cytometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content was used to determine the ploidy level of the accessions. Results indicate that accessions: Bura, Diana, Kambani-Rungwe, Paji and Pagatau, and Rungwe that were previously classified as diploids are actually triploids, whereas Selangor previously known to be a diploid is a tetraploid. Accessions such as Galeo, Mwitupemba and Ntindi 1 that were previously classified as triploids were found diploids. GT, FHIA 25 and Muzungu Mwekundu that were considered as tetraploids, were found triploids. The information generated will guide correct placement of these accessions in the regional germplasm collection centre for the East and Central Africa and their utilization in banana breeding.Item Reproductive efficiency and breeding potential of East African highland (Musa AAA-EA) bananas(Field Crops Research, 2006) Ssebuliba, Ruth; Talengera, David; Makumbi, Dan; Namanya, Priver; Tenkouano, Abdou; Tushemereirwe, W.; Pillay, MichaelThe East African highland banana (Musa spp. AAA) is an economically important food crop. The crop is affected by a number of diseases and pests. Genetic improvement of the crop is hindered by very low seed set and poor seed germination. The objective of this study was to compare seed set, seed quality and embryo rescue rates of hybrid seeds obtained from 20 East African highland banana cultivars crossed with a fertile diploid species, Musa acuminata spp. burmannicoides ‘Calcutta 4’, as a male parent. There was great variation in seed set, seed quality and in vitro embryo germination rates among the cultivars. Although 72% (range = 47–88%) of the seeds appeared normal externally characterized by black hard integuments, only 59% (range = 35–81%) contained embryos, of which 9% (range = 0–22%) germinated. This study demonstrated that hard-seededness alone does not signify the presence of an embryo and should not be regarded as a measure of seed fertility in East African highland bananas. Cultivars ‘Entukura’, ‘Enzirabahima’ and ‘Kabucuragye’ of the ‘Nfuuka’ clone set were superior in terms of seed set, presence of seeds with embryos and culturability of embryos. These cultivars are recommended as female parents for a crossing program in the improvement of East African highland bananas. The low embryo rescue rates suggest that hybrid seeds derived from East African highland banana possess factors that cause high embryo abortion. This may be ascribed to endosperm breakdown, which can release toxins.Item Selection of cooking banana genotypes for yield and black Sigatoka resistance in different locations in Uganda(Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2016) Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Buregyeya, Henry; Barekye, Alex; Ssali, Reuben T.; Talengera, David; Kubiriba, Jerome; Muhangi, Sedrach; Namagembe, Betty; Namanya, Priver; Arinaitwe, Geofrey; Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce K.; Karamura, Deborah; Karamura, EldadIt is imperative to systematically evaluate new banana genotypes in different locations before national release. This enables selection and recommendation of superior genotypes as new varieties for a wider range of environments. The objective of the present study was to select banana genotypes with stable and high performance for bunch yield and leaf black Sigatoka resistance. Eleven cooking banana genotypes developed by the Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization in collaboration with Bioversity International, and two check varieties were evaluated in multi-location preliminary yield trials in Uganda. Data collected were analyzed using Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model, AMMI Stability Value, and Genotype Selection Index (GSI). Genotype × location interaction was significant for all the traits assessed. Most of the new genotypes had low interaction effects with locations for bunch yield (69.2%) and black Sigatoka (92.3%). The most stable genotypes for bunch yield were NABIO815, NABIO1117, NABIO216 and NABIO306 whereas for black Sigatoka resistance, were NABIO1011, NABIO815, NABIO1009 and NABIO216. Using the GSI that defines the most desirable genotypes as those that combine high agronomic performance and stability across environments, four genotypes (NABIO306, NABIO1011, NABIO808 and NABIO1009) were selected. These genotypes, in addition to their high performance for agronomic traits and stability, had soft and yellow fruit pulp on cooking, and will be advanced on farm for further evaluation.