Browsing by Author "Shinyekwa, Isaac"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    The challenges of the Private Sector Driven Veterinary Extension Services Delivery in the Dairy Sector in Uganda
    (Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), 2012) Mbowa, Swaibu; Shinyekwa, Isaac; Mayanja Lwanga, Musa
    The privatization of veterinary extension services delivery in Uganda opened more opportunities for the private sector in the provision of extension services and supply of essential inputs demanded by a growing and more dynamic dairy sector. Consequently, the number of agents profoundly increased – and the markets became flooded with new and untested inputs (from the unregulated private sector). One big setback emerging – relates to the growing efficacy doubts and negative experiences (including losing money or animals) associated with use of inputs on the market, contributing to non-adoption of essential inputs. Selective adoption of essential inputs in dairy farming is also wide spread. The way forward requires impartation of proper and recommended skills in livestock husbandry practices. This will entail building new information dissemination networks by strengthening the capacity to channel veterinary extension support services via farmer groups centred information delivery institutions (co-operatives) - where dairy farmers can easily pick demonstrated evidence on the efficacy of the inputs available on the market from trusted fellow farmers.
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    Comparing the Performance of Uganda’s Intra-East African Community Trade and Other Trading Blocs: A Gravity Model Analysis
    (Economic Policy Research Centre, 2013) Shinyekwa, Isaac; Othieno, Lawrence
    This paper examines factors that determine Uganda’s trade flows and specifically compares the impact and performance of the different trade blocs on Uganda’s trade patterns and flows. The empirical question is whether Uganda’s trade is getting more integrated in the East African Community (EAC) region or is still dominated by other trading blocs, namely European Union (EU), Asia and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)? Two analytical approaches are used, namely: trade indicators and estimation of the gravity models using data extracted from COMTRADE for the period 2001 – 2009 (panel). We estimate determinants of export and import trade flows separately using static random, dynamic random and IV GMM models. The results suggest a strong relationship between belonging to a trading bloc and trade flows. Likewise, Uganda’s import and export trade flows have conspicuously adjusted to the gravitational forces of the EAC during the progress of the integration. Whereas exports are being integrated more in the EAC and COMESA regions, imports are more integrated in the Asian and EU trading blocs. Therefore, strong links with trading blocs outside the EAC (i.e. EU and Asia) with regards to imports still exist. The trade indicators demonstrate that Uganda exports largely primary products and imports manufactured products. It is imperative for Uganda to target implementation of regional trade agreements to expand the country’s export markets. The EAC region should attract investment in production of high technology products to increase intra-EAC imports and reduce imports from Asia and the EU.
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    The evolution of industry in Uganda
    (WIDER, 2014) Obwona, Marios; Shinyekwa, Isaac; Kiiza, Julius; Hisali, Eria
    The paper looks at the evolution of industry in Uganda examining drivers and constraints since the pre-colonial period in the 1940s to date. It is argued that the state played a central role in industrialization during the pre-colonial and immediate post-colonial period. The paper further looks at industrialisation during the liberal phase. The current structure, size and distribution of industry are discussed in light of the laissez fair paradigm. The non-direct interventionist policy to industrialization has not been adequate to propel industrial development in Uganda. State withdrawal from direct involvement in industrial development was prematurely done and should be revisited
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    How will the adoption of the Nairobi WTO 10th Ministerial Conference decisions on cotton impact on the East African Community?
    (Economic Policy Research Centre, 2018) Munu, Martin Luther; Shinyekwa, Isaac
    In December 2015, the World Trade Organization (WTO) held its 10th Ministerial Conference (MC10) in Nairobi, Kenya. The meeting adopted the “Nairobi package” of decisions targeting agriculture, cotton and issues related to least-developed countries. This brief examines the implications of the Nairobi package for the development of cotton sector in the East African Community (EAC). The results indicate that the removal of subsidies would reduce cotton production among the top producing countries, reducing their export earnings while increasing both production and export earnings in the EAC. Therefore, the EAC needs to monitor the implementation the agreement and increase cotton production to take advantage of the opportunity.
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    Improved Smallholder Dairy Farming in Uganda through Technological Change
    (Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), 2012) Mbowa, Swaibu; Shinyekwa, Isaac; Mayanja Lwanga, Musa
    The dairy sector in Uganda has been transformed into a more competitive and dynamic sector. Supply-side factors have enabled expansion in milk production. Between 2005 and 2009 –milk production (estimated at 1.5 billion litres in 2010) has been partly an outcome of a 20 percent increase in the number of households engaged in dairy farming, and an increase (21 percent) in the proportion of crossbred dairy cows in the national herd (estimated to be 11 million cattle). At farm level concerted efforts have been directed towards technological change – transforming the farming system from predominantly extensive grazing local breeds to more intensive rearing of fewer but improved breeds. The lack of consistent long-term support to the breeding programs negatively affect numbers of dairy cattle stocks especially in Northern Uganda. Furthermore, the perpetually low farm gate milk prices could deter the optimal uptake of required dairy farm husbandry practices in the milk surplus Western region.
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    Macroeconomic and Sectoral Effects of the EAC Regional Integration on Uganda: A Recursive Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
    (Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), 2013) Shinyekwa, Isaac; Mawejje, Joseph
    The paper empirically examines the implications of the implementation of the EAC regional integration on the Ugandan economy. Specifically, it analyses the likely effects of the asymmetric tariff reduction on the macro variables and quantifies the sectoral growth effects on the industrial, agricultural and services sectors. It adopts the General Equilibrium Model (CGE) for the analysis based on the Uganda 2007 Social Accounting Matrix. The primary policy simulation is the asymmetric reduction of internal tariffs across East African countries under assumptions of unemployment and free movement of factors of production. Other policy simulations that change these assumptions are analysed. Results indicate that the aggregate impact of internal tariff reduction under conditions of unemployment and free movement of factors of production is positive with average GDP growth improving by up to 0.3 percentage points over the period 2008 – 2021. However, the reduction in tariffs has negative implications for tax collections with import duties contracting by 0.3 percentage points, with no significant gains in direct taxes revenues. The rise in exports to the EAC region leads to a decline in the trade deficit by 0.8 percent during the simulation period. There are also significant growth gains for agriculture, industry and services sectors with the former registering growth improvements of 1.2 percentage points and the other two 0.7 percentage points. Therefore, Uganda should optimise gains within the EAC regional integration framework through tariff reduction and free movement of factors of production. Finally, the government should address infrastructural constraints (energy and transport) to foster growth in the manufacturing sector within the EAC region.
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    The Quest to Deepen Intra-EAC Regional Trade: Progress and Challenges for Uganda
    (Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), 2013) Shinyekwa, Isaac; Othieno, Lawrence
    The empirical question is whether Uganda’s intra- East African Community (EAC) trade is increasing following the implementation of the regional treaty and protocols or is still dominated by other trading blocs, namely the European Union (EU), Asia and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). Progress has been registered in the elimination of intra-EAC tariffs, however, there are challenges that need to be addressed to deepen the EAC integration. Gravity model panel results demonstrate that whereas Uganda’s exports are getting more integrated into the EAC and COMESA regions,-between 2001 and 2010, imports are more integrated into the Asian and EU trading blocs. Therefore, strong links with trading blocs outside the EAC (i.e. EU and Asia) with regard to imports still exist. Thus, it is imperative for Uganda to target implementation of regional trade agreements to expand the country’s regional export markets. Uganda as well as the EAC region should collectively attract investment in production of high technology products to increase intra-EAC imports and reduce imports from Asia and the EU. The EAC region should adopt a legally binding approach to Non-Tariff Barriers, harmonises trade policies and standardises documentation and procedures.
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    Widening Opportunities for Increased Marketing of Processed Milk in Uganda Introduction
    (Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC), 2012) Mbowa, Swaibu; Shinyekwa, Isaac; Mayanja Lwanga, Musa
    The analysis of the 2009 Uganda National panel Survey (UNPS) collected by the UBoS shows that milk production from smallholder farm units was 1 billion litres, and about 52 percent (524 million litres) joined the second level of the milk value chain – and of which 72 percent was marketed in unprocessed form to consumers. High informality in milk marketing can be reduced by supporting strong primary dairy farmers’ cooperative societies with capacity to invest in processing of scale neutral dairy products (yoghurts, ghee and cheese), at the same time hold strong bargaining power with large milk processing companies. This would allow the deeper participation of farmers (as groups) in the down-stream milk value chain, and enable having the right price incentives to draw more raw milk into the formal stream of the milk value chain. This would foster equitable spread of benefits and opportunities from the growing domestic demand for milk and other dairy products at all levels of the milk value chain.