Browsing by Author "Semwogerere, Twaibu"
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Item A Mathematical Model on Linkage Leakage in Sewage Pipes Laid in a Porous Ground Using Computation Fluid Dynamics.(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2021-11-25) Ebelait, Joseph; Semwogerere, Twaibu; Nagulama, Moses; Keikara, Asaph MuhumuzaThis study describes the linkage leakage in sewage pipes through a porous media using computational fluid dynamics with the presence of one leak through fluid simulations using the Ansys fluent 17.2 commercial software based on standard k-ε model under steady-state condition. The pipe section is three-dimensional with a pipe length of 40 mm, a pipe diameter of 20 mm, and leak orifice diameter of 2 mm with a porous media of length 25 mm and width 30 mm. The interest of this study was to reduce the rate of sewage leakage in pipes laid underground by use computational fluid dynamics. The simulation results obtained shows that when the flow is subjected to an outlet pressure between 100000 Pa to 275000 Pa the sewage leaks at pressures of 99499 Pa to 278799.8 Pa indicating that increase of outlet pressures increases the pressure at the leak point and also an increase in the inlet velocity resulted into an increase of velocity at the leak point and no significant change in sewage flow rate with increased inlet velocities. Therefore, monitoring of the pressure and velocity fields along the pipeline is an extremely important tool to identify leaks since these fields are affected by perturbations both before the leak point and after the leak point.Item An Analytical Review of Existing Supermarket Billing Systems(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2021-11-26) Ocen, Gilbert; Semwogerere, Twaibu; Sekamwa, Umar; Matovu, DavisRetail shops and stores form part of the nation’s business sector involved in selling and providing several goods and services. The main objective was to study and analyse existing supermarket billing systems and possibly identify their weaknesses and strengths. This will enable us to generate an RFID billing system that is unique and even more advantageous than the existing systems. The methodology used was qualitative involving hard and soft document reviews and observational experiments. Findings revealed that there are several billing systems which include the manual price tag system where a mini-computer (calculator) is used to sum up the total bill per customer at a time, the barcode reader system, the smart chart with store cards, and the ‘smart shopping cart. It was noted that these have the advantage of giving confidence all the items are counted, paid for, save time and are cheap to use. However, they are also associated with several weaknesses like long waiting time (queues), the systems require a lot of human effort to read the barcodes which is not efficient, barcode systems sometimes fail to read, possible human errors while entering information, possible cheating through wrongly-fed information and the desynchronization effects because of the unreliable network. This was an awareness drive about the existing supermarket billing systems in order to enhance further studies on better onesItem An IOT Based Landslide Detection and Early Warning System in Hilly Areas: A Case Study of Bududa District, Eastern Uganda(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2022-03-21) Lusiba, Badru; Semwogerere, Twaibu; Oguti, Victoria; Ocen, Gilbert GilibraysLandslides are the gravitational movements of soil, rock down slopes that can cause several damages to the environment. It is one of the most common occurring natural phenomena worldwide in causing great loss of lives and property. The study aimed at developing a Web-Based Landslide Detection and Alert System to monitor and alert people in landslide-prone areas in time. Quantitative experimental designs were employed targeting parameters like soil pore pressure, soil vibration, soil movement, rain intensity and humidity. These are sensor-monitored and their values are analysed for the system development. These values are transmitted to the monitoring section via the internet and people get notified by a text “landslide detection alert” by using GSM. Findings are expected to contribute towards disaster preparedness and eventual loss of lives and property. It is therefore recommended for use in such prone areas by the ministry and other organs of concernItem Analysis of the Effect of Thematic Irrigation Schemes on Soil and Water Quality in Butaleja, Uganda(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2023-10-02) Keneema, Christine; Semwogerere, Twaibu; Kamalha, Edwin; Alio, Deborah; Kawuma, CarolIrrigation processes have been at the forefront of reasons for increased food production. However, the soil and water parameters are areas of focus when considering irrigation. The study aimed to assess the effect of irrigation on soil and water parameters in the Doho irrigation scheme in Eastern Uganda. The methodology used was generally quantitative, following experimental designs. Water and soil samples were picked from randomly selected blocks for experiments conducted directly in the field and in the laboratories. Parameters tested include the pH, Electrical conductivity, salinity, Ca, K and Na among others. Findings revealed that irrigation affected all the parameters either negatively or positively regarding soil and water considerations. Irrigation increased salinity (0.1 – 0.2), electrical conductivity (1.49 – 4.2) and sodium (0.75 – 1.53) levels in soil and water, while prolonged irrigation lowered calcium (2.8 – 3.25) and potassium (0.45 – 0.76) levels. There was no considerable effect on water and soil pH. A variation was recorded in water and soil parameters where the highest concentrations were recorded in water samples. Prolonged irrigation affects water and soil parameters because it causes leaching of soil, causing a high concentration of ions in down layers of soil. Furthermore, the equipment that is often used to construct these schemes is often heavy compacting soil, and resulting oil spills alter physical and chemical properties. The study recommends that there should be continuous assessment of chemical and physical properties for water and soil parameters in Doho and other similar irrigation projects around the globeItem Behavioural Dumping and Drainage Channels(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2021-09-05) Semwogerere, Twaibu; Okidi, Lating PeterDumping is one of the inevitable societal behaviours because waste can only be controlled but not eliminated completely. The rapidly growing developing countries have cities, towns and trading centres emerging daily coupled with increasing populations can be well related to poor drainage and irresponsible dumping in water channels. The aim of this study was to scrutinize drainage dumping behaviours in relation to water channels in some selected cities in Uganda. In this study, observational and analytical experiments on dumping were done in selected towns and cities, along some major highways connecting them. The findings showed that a lot of illegal dumping is happening at a rate of 63% on average on roads and even near the legal dumping places. Most of the refuse that is erroneously dumped ends up in drainage channels leading to serious flooding and other environmental consequences. The study recommends other better models in addition to improving drainage design, construction and maintenance patterns. Strict laws and sensitization are crucial in this regard and can help in saving and improving the lives of the people by at least 11%Item Duning in Rills on Unpaved Roads in Uganda(Journal: Journal of Advances in Mathematics, 2014) Semwogerere, Twaibu; Lating, Peter Okidi; Kucel, Samuel BakerDunes on non-paved roads develop as a result of general construction designs especially in the drainage. They are active features which block up drainage rills and parts of the roads causing road rutting, deep mudding and flooding. Shear stress, erosion, and deposition due to the discharge were the main factors in the equation formation and analysis. An equation is constructed to determine their formation and effects on gravel road dunes. It is finally tested with a numerical example using cross-sectional field and laboratory results data. Various experiments like sieve analysis, measuring road dune sizes with respect to slope size, rain intensity, and road widths were used in the formulation and evaluation of the equation for this study. Key findings of this paper include among others dune formation rates in road rills and possible timely control. The model equation constructed is expected to help in various road design and maintenance practices.Item Erosion Features on Gravel Roads in Uganda–Formation and Effects(International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, 2013) Semwogerere, Twaibu; Lating, Peter O.; Kucel, Samuel B.In the event of erosion flows, the road is one unique surface with various flow and deposition characteristics. Earlier studies focus on erosion features on shores and coasts and sometimes on desert plains as a result of wind erosion, but hardly on roads. Erosion features are detrimental to road designers, constructors, and users. This paper focused on gravel roads which constitute a larger percentage of the rural roads. These are a key to accumulation of wealth for developing countries. It also looked at the identification, formation, and extracting effects of features as a result of erosion on the road surface pertaining to various road surface characteristics. Rills and dunes on roads are active features which gully up bigger parts of the roads causing flooding and other dangerous effects. Various experiments like sieve analysis, runoff speeds and measuring road rill/dune sizes with respect to slope size, rain intensity, and road sizes were considered for this study. The main data analysis tool used was STATA V11. Findings included higher runoff speed on roads than other erosion fields, determination of the rate of road reduction, flooding by rills or dunes and provision of good background to modeling erosion on roads.Item Exploration of Gravel Roads Erosion Data in Uganda(Intl. Conf. On Advances in Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technology, 2015) Semwogerere, Twaibu; Lating, Peter Okidi; Kucel, Samuel BakerThe main objective for this study was to explore the erosion data from across Uganda gravel roads. Gravel/dirt/rural roads constitute a larger part of the total road networks in developing countries and are top-listed for accumulation of wealth for such countries like Uganda. Generally, quantitative methods through experimental designs were used. Data was generated from various experiments and STATA output and used in the analysis and exploration. They include among others sieve analysis, measurement of road rill/dune sizes, Atterberg tests, and dry-density tests. These were conducted to reflect the characteristics of road subgrades and sediments from these roads. A brief comparison of one of the original erosion models, USLE/RUSLE was done with the erosion model developed for the maintenance of gravel roads, EMMOGR and conclusions reached.Item Modeling the „Second‟ Soil Erosion on Non-Paved Roads(International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, 2014) Semwogerere, Twaibu; Kucel, Samuel B.; Lating, Peter O.A mathematical model is constructed to describe erosion from the features formed after the ‘first’ erosion on gravel or dirt roads. The model was based on parameters such as the nature or make of the road, erosion effect, and the effect of repairs. The rill/dune effects on the road were assumed to be proportional to the repairs that are necessary to neutralize them. The repairs model was first analyzed then the general erosion model. Finally, an erosion model that combines all the parameters was developed and analyzed with a numerical example. The main methods used included experimental designs and numerical techniques for the formulation and analysis. Results show that the approximate time required for road repairs given a remarkable effect, reduces with the size of the initial effect. A bigger initial effect reduces the time required to initiate a repair on such roads. Results further showed that erosion effects resulting from the rill/dune development effects are tremendously reduced. Once correct measurements are taken and historically followed, good road maintenance may be experienced in order to enhance economic development in developing countries.Item Multi-platform Process Flow Models and Algorithms for Extraction and Documentation of Digital Forensic Evidence from Mobile Devices(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2022-09-07) Ocen, Gilbert Gilibrays; Bongomin, Ocident; Mugeni, Gilbert Barasa; Mutua, Stephen Makau; Semwogerere, TwaibuThe increasing need for the examination of evidence from mobile and portable gadgets increases the essential need to establish dependable measures for the investigation of these gadgets. Many differences exist while detailing the requirement for the examination of each gadget to help detectives and examiners in guaranteeing that any kind of evidence extracted/ collected from any mobile device is well documented and the outcomes can be repeatable, a reliable and well-documented investigation process must be implemented if the results of the examination are to be repeatable and defensible in courts of law. In this paper, we developed a generic process flow model for the extraction of digital evidence in mobile devices running on Android, Windows, iOS, and Blackberry operating systems. The research adopted a survey approach and extensive literature review as a means to collect data. The models developed were validated through expert opinion. Results of this work can guide solution developers in ensuring the standardization of evidence extraction tools for mobile devices.Item RFID-Based Automated Supermarket Self-Billing System(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2021-11-30) Sekamwa, Umar; Semwogerere, Twaibu; Ocen, Gilbert Gilibrays; Lusiba, Badru; Alunyu, Andrew; Matovu, DavisSupermarkets are large retail stores operated on a self-service basis. They sell a range of goods from agricultural produce to electronics with tagged prices. They are coupled with numerous advantages like supporting advanced means of payment like cheques, credit cards, smart store electronic cards and mobile money, offering transportation incentives and discounts. The study aimed at coming up with an RFID-Based billing system through automation. The methods and materials used included document reviews, observational experiments, system design, implementation and testing based on current situations in the supermarket business. Findings showed that there are several weaknesses with the existing systems and the new system could ably uphold the time resource, efficiency improvement of both workers and customers, and it is secure, cost-effective, and time-saving especially from queues. The widely implemented system can improve the revenue gap and possibly rejuvenate the national or international economy to a large extent.Item A Scoping Analysis of Theories, Models, and Standard Operating Procedures for the COVID-19 Pandemic in Uganda(International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2022) Semwogerere, Twaibu; Baker Kucel, Samuel; Igga, Huzairu; Lusiba, Badru; Gavamukulya, Yahaya; Namwanje, Sophie; Opaka Awichi, Richard; Matovu, Joseph; Barugahare, Banson JohnThe Corona Virus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most devastating events in the history of human health for the last several decades. Our analysis aimed at a cross-section of events, models and theories surrounding the pandemic. These included mathematical modeling, lockdown diaries, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), religious approaches, and the 5G network theory among others. The Global economies have been checked negatively by the pandemic. The COVID - 19 – pandemic challenge, primed many innovations and adaptations for survival. Use of phones and ICT as well as proper handling of asymptomatic victims was necessary as it resolves the anxiety issue of the infection spread. Leadership from the President to the lowers levels was critical for the management of COVID -19 challenge in Uganda.Item Statistical Model for Predicting Salinity of Water at Doho 1 Irrigation Scheme in Busia(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2021-12-13) Keneema, Christine; Semwogerere, Twaibu; Kamalha, Edwin; Alio, Deborah; Kawuma, CarolThe concentration of salts in water or salt affects crop yields to a good extent. Irrigation salinity can be controlled by various methods including modelling. Therefore, this study aimed at designing a model for predicting the salinity of the water at the Doho Irrigation Scheme in Butaleja district, eastern Uganda for better rice growing. This study used the different water chemical parameters from the different sites of the scheme, where water samples were collected and measured in the laboratory. A multivariate regression method was used to model water salinity through the Electrical Conductivity as the dependent variable and other water chemical parameters like potassium (K), Sodium (Na), pH and Calcium (Ca) were used as independent variables. A non-linear statistical model was derived from the chemical results of the irrigation scheme, presented and validated by applying it on the water samples that were not used during the design of the model. The model measured salinity levels and can be used to determine which water chemical levels are good for rice growing in Doho and other similar situations. Hence, the model can be used to improve food quality and quantity as required in the food production goal