Browsing by Author "Rwomushana, Ivan"
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Item Induced Future Range Shifts among Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species in Uganda(Plant Protection Science, 2015) Masembe, Charles; Isabirye, Brian Eriphaz; Rwomushana, Ivan; Nankinga, Caroline Kukiriza; Akol, Anne MargaretThe potential impact of future climate change on fruit fly species distribution was assessed in Uganda using two general circulation models (HADCM and CCCMA) and two future predicted CO2 emission scenarios (A2 and B2), under both full and no species dispersal modes. Future ranges were overall projected to decline by 25.4% by year 2050. Under full-dispersal, D. ciliatus > C. cosyra > B. invadens ranges were predicted to increase, while the rest are likely to decrease. In the no-dispersal scenario, a significant average decrease in size of niches is predicted. Range losses are predicted higher under B2 than A2. Future niches will likely shift to northern Uganda. The results should assist in the development of climate change adaptive pest management strategies.Item Integrated Management of Fruit Flies – Case Studies from Uganda(Springer, Cham., 2016) Isabirye, Brian E.; Nankinga, Caroline K.; Mayamba, Alex; Akol, Anne M.; Rwomushana, IvanFruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) pose a threat to commercialisation of the horticulture industry in Uganda. They impair the quality and quantity of fruits produced, and limit access to lucrative regional and global markets. Here we explore past and present efforts, and future plans for research and management, of fruit flies in Uganda. Early research geared towards collection and identification of fruit flies recognised the pest status of many species and highlighted the need for establishing sustainable management strategies. Subsequently large-scale research initiatives have substantially increased knowledge on the biology and ecology of fruit flies in Uganda. Based on these studies, integrated pest management (IPM) options for fruit flies have been designed and piloted. Amongst the most promising options are the Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) in combination with the Bait Annihilation Technique (BAT) or Protein Food Bait (PFB) and Orchard Sanitation (OS). Fruit bagging is also receiving attention. It is now recommended that IPM options are combined and scaled up in an area-wide approach. The government of Uganda has demonstrated genuine commitment to eradication of fruit flies through three key project initiatives: (i) Gaining insight into the ecological and physiological factors influencing fruit fly populations and infestation rates in mango-growing regions of Uganda (NARO-MSI); (ii) Equipping key technical personnel at local and district levels with knowledge on identification and management of key fruit fly pest species (NAADS); (iii) Promotion and adoption of IPM practices for fruit fly management (NARO-ATAAS). These initiatives will ensure the long-term sustainability of management options.Item Projections of Climate-induced Future Range Shifts among Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species in Uganda(Plant Protection Science, 2015) Masembe, Charles; Isabirye, Brian Eriphaz; Rwomushana, Ivan; Nankinga, Caroline Kukiriza; Akol, Anne MargaretThe potential impact of future climate change on fruit fly species distribution was assessed in Uganda using two general circulation models (HADCM and CCCMA) and two future predicted CO2 emission scenarios (A2 and B2), under both full and no species dispersal modes. Future ranges were overall projected to decline by 25.4% by year 2050.Under full-dispersal, D. ciliatus > C. cosyra > B. invadens ranges were predicted to increase, while the rest are likely to decrease. In the no-dispersal scenario, a significant average decrease in size of niches is predicted. Range losses are predicted higher under B2 than A2. Future niches will likely shift to northern Uganda. The results should assist in the development of climate change adaptive pest management strategies.Item Strategies for rehabilitation of banana fields infested with Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacrearum(Journal of Crop Protection, 2014) Kubiriba, Jerome; Muthomi, James; Ndungo, Vigheri; Kwach, Johnson; Erima, Rockefeller; Rwomushana, Ivan; Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce; Opio, FinaXanthomonas campestris pv.musacrearum causes Banana wilt disease (BXW disease) which occurs at different epidemic phases in East and Central Africa (ECA). In the endemic areas, there are many banana fields with over 80% BXW disease incidence. This study aimed at rehabilitating banana fields heavily infected with BXW disease in Uganda, Kenya and DR. Congo. Farmer managed trials were established in BXW disease hotspots in western Kenya and DR. Congo, while in Uganda, similar trials were established at community level i.e. clusters of at least 200 heavily infected banana fields. The control options evaluated included single stem removal, suspension of pruning in affected fields, male bud removal and disinfection of tools with fire or Sodium hypochlorite. Data was collected on the proportion of affected fields (BXW disease prevalence), BXW disease incidence and the number of banana bunches sold at 3-month intervals. BXW disease incidence was reduced by over 80% in 11 months in Kenya and DR. Congo, resulting in yield recovery by up to 70% within one year. In Uganda, the proportion of farmers that effectively controlled BXW disease increased 5% to 60% within a year in some hotspots. Consequently banana sales recovered up to 30% in some hotspots. This study demonstrates that it is possible to effectively control BXW disease within 12 months in previously severely infected fields in various areas of ECA.