NRU :: Browsing by Author "Omona, Kizito"

Browsing by Author "Omona, Kizito"

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Assessment of Solid Waste Management at Source in Compliance With Guidelines Among Residents of Kawempe Division, Kampala, Uganda
(Researchsquare, 2021) Maderu, Paul; Omona, Kizito
Solid waste management poses a big challenge for many urban households, municipalities and cities, especially in developing countries, partly due to increasing urbanization. Overcrowding and informal settlements have emerged with illegal and indiscriminate waste disposal. Guidelines for proper management of solid waste are least observed at house hold level in such settings. The purpose of the study was to assess solid waste management at source in compliance with guidelines among residents of Kawempe municipality Kampala district. It was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study design, with both quantitative and qualitative methods. 385 households heads and four local leaders were interviewed using researcher administered questionnaires and interview guide. The study found that only 37.9% of households complied with guidelines for solid waste management at source. Factors of waste management practices were waste reduction (p=0.005), separation (p=0.001), reuse (p=0.001) and composting (p=0.027). Determinants such as gender (p=0.007), marital status (p=0.016), level of education (p<0.0001), occupation (p=0.007), household size (p=0.025),medium of community sensitization (p<0.0001), enforcement of bi-laws (p=0.005), type of waste generated (p<0.0001) and waste storage method (p=0.009) were implicated. Compliance with guidelines in the management of household solid waste at source was still very low within the city. Authorities ought to intensify household solid waste management awareness campaigns.
Barriers and motivators to participation in hand washing promotion programs at household level among refugees in Rhino Settlement, Arua District _ Uganda
(Cogent Medicine, 2020) Namara, Frank; Omona, Kizito; Mbabazi, Scovia
The major aim of hand washing promotion programs is to persuade people to change their behaviour to reduce high-risk hygiene practices and use. Unfortunately, in a refugee setting, there is a dearth of information about participation in hand washing promotion programs. To assess barriers and motivators to participation in hand washing promotion programs at household level among refugees in Rhino Camp, Arua district, Uganda.A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participation, individual, household factors related to hand washing promotional programs from 312 refugees. Five key informant interviews were conducted to gather data on public policy, institutional and community factors related to participation in the hand washing promotion programs. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Only 19.6% (61/312) of the refugees had participated in hand washing promotion programs. Significant barriers to participation were; no formal education and staying in the camp for more than 3 years. The significant motivators were; households who had 6 to 10 members and more. Participation in hand washing promotion programs was low among the refugees. There is need for relevant stakeholders to come up with interventions to increase participation among the refugees while taking into consideration the potential barriers and motivators to their participation as identified by this study.
Comparative Study of Proportions of Post-Operative Sepsis _ Maternity versus General Surgical Ward
(Cogent Medicine, 2021) Omona, Kizito
Post-operative sepsis tends to complicate the recovery course of many patients. Across the globe, the proportion of post-operative sepsis varied from 2.9% to 30% in various studies. To determine mean proportion of post-operative sepsis in Maternity and General Surgical wards (GSW) and establish whether there was a significant difference in the proportion of post-operative sepsis between the two departments. The design was part of an Unmatched Retrospective Cohort study of post-operative patients admitted to the Maternity and General Surgical ward over the past 6 months. Random samples of 169 respondents from Maternity and 245 respondents from GSW were compared. Mean proportion of post-operative sepsis was 4.4% and 3.1% for Maternity ward and GSW, respectively. Test statistic, Z2 (4.98) ≫, Z1 (1.96), fell in the rejection region; hence, Ho was rejected (significant difference in the proportion of sepsis). In the Maternity ward, the risk of post-operative sepsis was more among the unmarried (p = 0.023, COR = 5.550 [1.272–24.219] at 95% CI). In General Surgical Ward (GSW), emergency surgery (11.9%) and complex surgeries (16.3%) carried more risk. Risk of post-operative sepsis in maternity was more among the unmarried (27.3%). For GSW, emergency surgery (11.9%) and complex surgeries (16.3%) carried more risk. Therefore, more effort is needed to combat post-operative sepsis.
Factors Associated With Burnout Among Nurses at International Hospital Kampala (IHK)
(International Journal of Studies in Nursing, 2020) Ashaba, Aheebwa Anita; Omona, Kizito
Burnout is a psychological syndrome involving physical depletion, feelings of helplessness, negative self-concept, and negative attitudes towards work, life, and others. Burnout is a problem among health care professionals and nurses are found to be vulnerable. It is associated with a decrease in occupational well-being and increase in absenteeism, turnover and illness. To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with burnout among nurses at International Hospital Kampala (IHK). Analytical cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected from a sample of 120 nurses using questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) tools. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Microsoft excel. The prevalence of burnout within the MBI subscales was highest in the subscale of personal accomplishment (PA) - 72.5%), followed by Depersonalization (DP) – 66.8% and Emotional Exhaustion (EE) - 61.7%. Overall prevalence of burnout among was 66.95%. Nurses with high burnout had the lowest level of personal accomplishment-18.33% while nurses with low burnout had the highest level of personal accomplishment-72.5%. Age (X2(2) =6.670, p=0.036) was associated with burnout. Respondent years in service was more highly associated with burnout (X2(2) = 10.961, p=0.004). Job satisfaction (X2(1) = 4.361, p=0.037) was associated with burnout. Emotional Exhaustion (EE) of the respondents (X2(2) =29.197, p=0.000) was associated with burnout. Many nurses, 61(50.8%) had EE and burnout. Depersonalization (DP) (X2(2) =72.803, p=0.000) was also associated with burnout. Hours worked in a day (X2(1) =72.803, p=0.016) was associated with burnout. Getting social support at work (X2(1) =72.803, p=0.016) was associated with burnout, thus 48(40.0%) of the nurses who got social support had burnout. The prevalence of burnout is quite high among nurses.
Factors Influencing Uptake of IPTp3+ Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC in Mawokota North Health Sub District, Mpigi District, Uganda
(Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2021) Omona, Kizito; Mulungi, Damali; Twesigye, Edson; Tukamuhabwa, Joram; Rukaari, Medard; Ninsiima, John Bosco
Annually, approximately 125 million pregnancies occur globally in malaria endemic areas. 25 million pregnant women are at risk for malaria which accounts for over 10,000 maternal and 200,000 neonatal deaths annually. WHO recommends initiation of IPT3+ in malaria endemic areas beginning with second trimester throughout pregnancy? However, uptakes of IPT3+ remain low in many countries, for instance in Uganda, the coverage of IPT3+ remains low at 66%. The study objectives were; to determine the socio-demographic factors of women influencing uptake of IPTp3+, assess knowledge of women and facility related factors to offer IPTp3+, Analytical cross sectional study design was used employing mixed methods. Quantitative data was collected using semi structured questionnaire among 150 women and qualitative data was collected from health workers as key informants. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS v20 while coding and themes were used for qualitative data. Data was collected from 150 pregnant women. Study findings indicate that knowledge about group at high risk of getting Malaria (χ2 = 4.113, df = 1, p = .043) and knowing how to use the drug (χ2 = 6.590, df =2, p = .037) was significantly associated with IPTP3+ Uptake of IPTp3+. The uptake of IPTp3+ was highest among pregnant women with correct knowledge about group at high risk of getting Malaria (46.7%) and those who knew about the drug dosage (26.7%).Findings further revealed that; the place Fansidar was picked from (χ2= 15.318, df =4, p = .004) and staff availability to offer IPTP3+service (χ2 = 10.956, df =2, p =.004) are the only facility related factors significantly associated with IPTP3+ Uptake. The uptake of IPTP3+ was highest amongst pregnant women who reported to have picked Fansidar from health facility (45.3%) and reported availability of staff most of the times (42.7%). Knowledge about the group at risk of getting malaria, dosage of Fansidar, Availability of the drug stocks at the facility and staff availability significantly affected uptake of IPTP3+ by pregnant women in Mawokota North Health Sub District in Mpigi District.
Factors Influencing Utilization of Intra-Uterine Device among Postpartum Mothers at Gombe Hospital, Butambala disrtict, Uganda
(Cogent medicine, 2020) Omona, Kizito; Namuli, Winnifred
The most effective modern family planning method is long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), including intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCD). It has multiple advantages over other reversible methods. Despite all known advantages of IUCD, its uptake is still low in Uganda. The purpose was to determine the factors influencing the utilization of intra-uterine contraceptive device among postpartum mothers. A facility-based cross-sectional analytical design was used. 202 Postpartum mothers were sampled and interviewed. Key informants interviews and FGDs were held. Out of 202 post-partum mothers, the prevalence of IUCD utilization was low at 16.3%. Knowledge level at was 55.9%. Education of mothers significantly influenced utilization (X2(3) = 28.22, p = <0.001) with primary education and secondary education being 10 times more likely (COR = 9.67, 95%CI (2.639–35.411)) and 6 times more likely (COR = 6.17, 95%CI (2.234–17.023) to influence IUCD utilization, respectively. Occupation of mothers also influenced utilization (p < 0.000). Most of the mothers were skilled laborers and yet they were less likely to utilize IUCD compared to non-skilled counterparts (COR = 0.19 95%CI: 0.082–0.431). Culture influenced utilization of IUCD (X2(1) = 18.22, p = 0.007). Healthcare providers should build the capacity of community health workers to promote effective community awareness about IUCD and its advantages. This will increase uptake.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Toward Traditional and Complementary Medicine Among Nurses and Midwives in North-Western Uganda
(International Journal of Studies in Nursing, 2021) Yayi, Alfred; Omona, Kizito
Traditional and complementary medicine is globally accepted and steadily gaining popularity among populations. The practices of conventional health care workers toward it vary from one country or setting to another. Limited literature exists on practices of health workers towards this form of medicine in low income settings especially in Africa where it is widely used with limited collaboration, integration and regulation. To determine the prevalence and determinants of traditional and complementary medicine practices as well as health problems and reasons for its use among nurses and midwives in North Western Uganda. We used a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional design. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaires that were distributed to a sample of 300 nurses and midwives drawn from 6 hospitals. Descriptive statistics, chi squared and multiple binary logistic regression analysis were used for analysis. Of all the respondents, 147 (54.9%) had personally ever used traditional and complementary medicine, 69 (25.7%) had personally used it in the past 12 months, 84 (31.3%) had ever recommended use of TCM. The most commonly used therapies were: herbalism (78.2%), traditional birth attendance (67.3%), nutritional supplements (67.3%), body massage (53.1%), spiritualism (24.5%), traditional dentistry (21.1%) and traditional bone setting (14.3%). Traditional and complementary medicine was mainly used for pain management (53.1%) followed by acute diseases (49.6%). The commonest reasons given for use were the fact that it is readily available, accessible and cheap. Chi square analysis showed statistically significant associations between TCM practices (personal use and recommendation to others) and respondents religion (p=0.046), location of hospital (p=0.002), presence of a family member who is a TCM provider (p=0.001), attendance of training on TCM in the years of work (p=0.001), provision of TCM as a business and duration of years served as a health professional (p=0.029). There is need to improve traditional and complementary medicine practices amongst nurses, midwives and other health care professionals. This will avert the negative/undesired effects in the community.
Lived experiences of female patients aged 15-49 years undergoing treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2024-01-16) Omona, Kizito; Ogwang, Christopher
Abstract Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health hazard on a global scale. It is a kind of tuberculosis (TB) infection produced by bacteria resistant to at least two of the most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs: isoniazid and rifampicin. In numerous health care facilities around Uganda, MDR-TB patients have bad experiences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of female patients aged 15 to 49 years receiving treatment for MDR-TB at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. Using a method of purposive sampling, a phenomenological qualitative study was done among female patients aged 15 to 49 receiving treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at Lira Regional Hospital. Data was collected using an English-translated Lango guide for in-depth interviews. Data was entered manually and analyzed using version 13 of the qualitative program NVIVO. It was discovered that the spouses of female MDR-TB patients lacked social support. Female patients with a history of tuberculosis prior to MDR-TB had stronger family support systems. MDR-TB diagnosis was strongly related with shock, anxiety, and denial. The majority of patients indicated that proper information on probable side effects allowed them to successfully complete MDR-TB treatment. Compared to other health centres in the district, the MDR-TB services at Lira Regional Referral were easily accessible and staffed by friendly medical personnel. In conclusion, female patients receiving MDR-TB treatment represent a unique population, and family support and care had a significant impact on the success of MDR-TB treatment among them.
Lived Experiences of Women Who Underwent Induced Abortion: A qualitative study of Rakai District, Uganda.
(International Journal of Health, 2021) Nalubega, Joy Margaret; Omona, Kizito
Induced abortion is one where products of conception are expelled before 28 weeks of gestation. The process can be safe or unsafe. Safe termination of pregnancy is performed by skilled persons using appropriate tools whereas unsafe induced abortion is performed either by persons without the necessary skills or in an environment without the minimum medical standards, or both. To explore the lived experiences of women who had induced abortion in Rakai District. Phenomenological qualitative design was used. Study population was women who underwent induced abortion. 25 women who had induced abortions in past 1-3years were interviewed. Data was collected by in-depth interviews, tape recorded; transcribed verbatim and written in note book. Lived experiences included denial, shame, confusion, fear, anger, anxiety, depression and uncertainty. Participants reported use of local herbs like “ekiwoko” and “majaani”, “etwaata”, “kisuula” and roots of sugar canes, among others, to induce abortion. The processes were mostly traditional, associated with: severe pain, heavy bleeding, and so on. They were life-threatening and horrible. Shorthand long-term lived experiences included secondary barrenness, depression, crying-in-privacy and regrets, among others. Health workers and women in child-bearing age need to work together to discuss how to control unplanned pregnancies.
Quality of Life of Adult Individuals with Intestinal Stomas in Uganda: a Cross Sectional Study
(African health sciences, 2021) Ssewanyana, Yasin; Ssekitooleko, Badru; Suuna, Bashir; Bua, Emmanuel; Wadeya, Joseph; Makumbi, Timothy K.; Ocen, William; Omona, Kizito
Intestinal stomas remain important life-saving surgical options in a wide range of gastrointestinal pathologies globally. Living with a stoma has potential to impair the patient’s quality of life, often with associated negative psychological effects. To evaluate the quality of life among intestinal stoma patients under Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH), with emphasis on psychological effects and effects on family-social interactions. A cross-sectional study carried out at surgical outpatient clinics of MNRH between January and June 2018. Data was collected using Stoma-QOL questionnaire, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 from 51 participants who had lived with intestinal stomas for at least a month. Of the 51 participants, male: female ratio was 4:1 and aged 18-84 years (mean age 44.04+18.47 years). 76.5% had colostomy; 23.5% had ileostomy. Majority (88.2%) had temporary stomas. The overall mean Stoma-QOL score was 55.12+ 17.04. Only about a quarter (24%) of participants had Stoma-QOL scores >70 (best). Most patients exhibited negative psy- chological effects (anxiety-100%, concerns about changed body image - 96.1% and depression - 88.4%). Most participants had low levels of stoma-related quality of life, suffered negative psychological effects and exhibited limited social interactions. This calls for efforts to support Stoma patients adapt beter life.
Ray, A. (Ed.). (2021). Empowering Midwives and Obstetric Nurses. London: IntechOpen
(International Journal of Studies in Nursing, 2021) Omona, Kizito
In order to equip practitioner midwives and nurses, I find ‘Empowering Midwives and Obstetric Nurses’ a book to be treasured. This is more especially when it comes to supporting learning and preparing readers for the challenges faced in contemporary healthcare. This book with 192pages and twelve chapters is a treasure.
Socio-Cultural Factors Associated with Incomplete Routine Immunization of Children _ Amach Sub-County, Uganda
(Cogent medicine, 2020) Omike, Jillian; Omona, Kizito
Immunization is one of the worlds’s most cost-effective health interventions that help prevent childhood diseases. However, many infants are not usually fully vaccinated especially in developing countries. This contributes to the mortality of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD) in children. The study examined the socio-cultural factors that are associated with incomplete routine immunization of children aged 0–1 year old in Amach Sub-County, Lira District _ Uganda. An analytical cross-sectional-mixed study among a sample of 326 parents and three health workers were made. Simple random sampling and purposive techniques were used to select the respondents. In-depth interviews, focus group discussion and Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect data. A modified Poisson regression model was used to compute the prevalence ratios. Variables were analyzed at bivariate and multivariate levels for their association with incomplete immunization. Incomplete immunization was at 27.3%. Marital status (p = 0.05), wealth level (p = 0.001), and side effects of vaccines was found to be associated with incomplete routine immunization. Age, occupation, education, religion, utilization of other health services, family structure, and support, gender, accessibility, and health education were not found to be associated with incomplete routine immunization. Incomplete immunization rate is quite high in Amach Sub-county.
User - Provider Perspectives to Overcome the Challenges of TB/HIV Service Integration at Mulago National Referral Hospital _ Kampala
(African Health Sciences, 2021) Katende, Jane Namakula; Omona, Kizito
Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa have been closely related and persistent, proving a considerable burden for healthcare provision. This has complicated utilization of services, with noted opinions on the integration of these services from both users and providers of the services. To establish the users and the provider’s perspectives in overcoming the challenges of TB/HIV services inte- gration at Mulago National Referral Hospital. Descriptive cross-sectional design, with predominantly qualitative methods was used. Qualitative aspect adopted phenomenological design. Participants were randomly selected for FGDs and Key informants. An observation checklist collected quantitative data from the patients to measure level of services integration. Level of service integration of TB/HIV services was at 68% (below the acceptable 100% level). Opinions from the users pointed to; increasing number of work-days for TB/HIV service provision, strengthening sensitisation and health education and integrating other services like reproductive health services, among others. Health care providers opinions pointed to increasing trainings for health workers, increasing staffing and need for more support from Ministry of Health. Opinions from both users and providers were similar. These ranged from increasing awareness to the users and healthcare providers about the integration of services.

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