Browsing by Author "Olusoji Ajayi, Clement"

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    Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Khat (Catha edulis forsk) on Prefrontal Cortex Oxidative Markers and Hematological Profile of Wistar Rats
    (Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2021) Adomi Mbina, Solomon; Bello Mada, Sanusi; Eze, Ejike Daniel; Olusoji Ajayi, Clement; Eseoghene Ifie, Josiah; Ibe, Michael Usman
    This study evaluated the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Catha edulis on the prefrontal cortex oxidative markers and hematological profile of Wistar rats. Study Design: The study design was experimental. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Uganda and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. Between January and May, 2021. Methodology: Fresh C. edulis leaves were collected after on-spot identification, and authenticated before being chopped into small pieces and pulverized mechanically. The powdered material was extracted through cold maceration using 70% ethanol for 72 h. The extract was concentrated in vacuo to dryness at 40oC using rotary evaporator. The lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was determined using acute toxicity test. The sub-acute toxicity of the crude extract was evaluated by orally administering daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg to the male Wistar rats for 28 days. The animals were monitored for mortality, behavioral and physiological signs of toxicity. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated using standard methods. The blood samples were analyzed using the automated hematology analyzer: Mindray BC-6000. Shenzhen, China. Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) of the C. edulis leaf extract was greater than 5000mg/kg b w. The SOD and CAT activities of C. edulis treated groups compared to the control group were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased in C. edulis treated groups compared to the control group. There was no significant change in the hematological parameters, however, there were slight variations in the WBC and RBC counts in some C. edulis treated groups. Conclusion: Long term chewing of C. edulis could result in oxidative stress. It is therefore important for chronic C. edulis leaf chewers to take caution.
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    In vitro anti-tuberculous study on the combination of extracts of stem-bark of Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC and conventional drugs
    (Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019) Aber, Jacqueline; Engeu Ogwang, Patrick; Anyama, Norbert; Olusoji Ajayi, Clement
    Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains an important public health issue worldwide and TB patients are reported to use conventional drugs concurrently with medicinal plants. This study investigated effect of co-administration of Erythrina abyssinica stem-bark extract with Rifampicin and Isoniazid on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. Methods: The stem-bark of E. abyssinica was extracted using Methanol and Ethanol, separately. The extract, Rifampicin and Isoniazid drugs were separately reconstituted with distilled water for the experiment. Preserved strain of Tuberculosis H37RV was used with 7H11 middle brook agar. The Minimum concentrations of each extract was mixed with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Rifampicin and Isoniazid and tested on strain of Tuberculosis H37RV to determine the inhibitory effect. Results: The combination of 0.06μg/ml ethanol extract with 0.01μg/ml RI gave 99.2% inhibition and the combination of 0.06μg/ml methanol extract with 0.01μg/ml RI gave 99% inhibition while the combination of 0.01μg/ml RI gave 86.2% inhibition Conclusion: The addition of Erythrina abyssinica extracts to the two conventional drugs produced antituberculous effect and thus corroborates the use of E. abyssinica with conventional drugs to treat tuberculosis patients. There is thus need to further investigate clinically the effects of the combination of the E. abyssinica extracts with the conventional anti tuberculosis drugs on patients.