Browsing by Author "Okello, David K."

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    Assessment of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes for Yield and Resistance to Late Leaf Spot and Rosette Diseases
    (Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 2018) Elsiddig Mohammed, Khalid; Afutu, Emmanuel; Odong, Thomas L.; Okello, David K.; Nuwamanya, Ephraim; Grigon, Olupot; Rubaihayo, Patrick R.; Okori, Patrick
    Groundnut which is a major staple food crop in Uganda is constrained by late leaf spot (LLS) and groundnut rosette disease (GRD), accounting for major economic yield loss. This study was conducted to identify sources of resistance to LLS and GRD and yield potential of selected groundnut genotypes that could be used in breeding programs. Thirty-eight groundnut genotypes were evaluated at the National Semi Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI)-Serere, Eastern Uganda during the first and second seasons of 2015. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. The results showed highly significant (P < 0.01) genotype-by-season interaction for most of the traits studied. There were significant differences among the genotypes for 100 seed weight (P < 0.01), and dry pod yield and unshelled sample of 100 pods at P < 0.05. Late leaf spot severity (at harvest), GRD incidence (at 12 weeks) and severity (at harvest) were significantly (P < .01) different and positively correlated with Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). GRD severity at harvest showed highly significant (P < 0.001) negative correlation with shelling percentage. Both 100 seed weight and unshelled sample of 100 pod showed highly significant (P < 0.01) negative correlations with LLS at harvest, LLS AUDPC, GRD at 12 weeks, GRD AUDPC, and GRD severity. Genotypes susceptible to both LLS and GRD recorded the lowest 100 seed weight. Nine genotypes (Serenut.2, SGV 0001, SGV 0005, SGV 0006, SGV 0019, SGV 0071, SGV 0082, SGV 0083, and SGV 89751T) showed resistance to both diseases with high yield potential. These genotypes could be used to introgress resistance to both diseases in acceptable cultivars which are susceptible.
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    Management of Aflatoxins in Groundnuts: A manual for Farmers, Processors, Traders and Consumers in Uganda
    (National Agricultural Research Organization, 2010) Okello, David K.; Kaaya, Archileo N.; Bisikwa, Jenipher; Were, Moreen; Oloka, Herbert K.
    Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also known as peanut, is the second most important legume after beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown mainly in Eastern and Northern Uganda but consumed widely throughout the country (Okello et al., 2010). There has been a substantial increase in groundnut production as both a food and cash crop because of increased awareness of their value as a source of protein (23-25% content), fat (40-50%), oil (40-52% content), and 10-20 % carbohydrate depending on the variety (Savage and Keenan, 1994). With the costs of animal protein ever increasing, groundnut is becoming an even more important source of protein. A kilogram of groundnuts is high in food energy and provides approximately the same energy value as 2 kilograms of beef, 4 litres of milk, or 36 medium-size eggs. Groundnut seeds are also a nutritional source of vitamin E, niacin, falacin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron, riboflavin, thiamine and potassium. Groundnut is consumed raw, roasted, blanched, as peanut butter, crushed and mixed with traditional dishes as a sauce or as binyebwa, a cooked paste. These qualities make groundnut an important nutritional supplement to mainly cereal diets of maize, millet and sorghum of many Ugandans.