Browsing by Author "Ogwang, Patrick Engeu"

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    In vivo aphrodisiac efficacy of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaf and root bark of Citropsis articulata in male Wistar rats
    (Research Article, 2024) Amutuhaire, Treasure Angie; Tusiimire, Jonans; Amito, Vivian Sharon; Ajayi, Clement Olusoji; Angupale, Jimmy Ronald; Abdelgadir, Alamin Abdelgadir; Anywar, Godwin; Ogwang, Patrick Engeu; Amaza, Anyase Ronald
    Background The African cherry orange tree Citropsis articulata Swingle & Kellerman (family Rutaceae) is traditionally used to manage erectile dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the aphrodisiac activity of C. articulata leaves and root bark in male Wistar rats. Methods Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves and root bark were prepared via decoction and soxhlation, respectively. Extracts were administered to the animals at three dose levels, i.e., 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Six male animals (aged 8–12 weeks, weighing 140–200 g) were used in each of the groups. Three animals per group (group B), unlike those immediately sacrificed at the end of 28 days (group A), were left for an extra 14 days without dosing to look out for delayed or sustained efficacy signs. Male sexual behavior, including attraction towards the female, penile erection, mount frequency, and mount latency, was monitored on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. At the end of both 28 days and the extra 14 days, the animals were humanely sacrificed via anesthesia with halothane, and their blood was collected for testosterone level analysis, while the sexual organs harvested were assessed grossly and histologically. Results Citropsis articulata root bark and leaves increased the attraction towards the female, penile erection, and mount frequency while lowering the mount latency. The plant extracts also increased testosterone levels after 28 days of daily extract administration but greatly lowered the testosterone levels in the animals that were left for an extra 14 days without dosing. Even histologically, there was the first evidence of very active spermatogenesis, which disappeared when the administration of the extract ceased. The administration of C. articulata leaf decoction at a dose of 500 mg/kg significantly increased the testosterone level (14.50 ± 2.53 ng/ml) compared with that of the positive control (4.00 ± 2.70 ng/ml), with a p-value of 0.021 (confidence interval: -19.45 to -1.533). Conclusion This study revealed that both the root bark and leaf of Citropsis articulata have aphrodisiac efficacy in male Wistar rats in vitro.
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    Medicinal plants used in gynecological procedures in Uganda
    (Medicinal plants used in gynecological procedures in Uganda, 2020) Tenywa, Mercy Gladys; Agaba, Amon; Ogwang, Patrick Engeu; Tolo, Casim Umba; Ajayi, Clement Olusojia; Katuura, Esther
    Distress and pains among other gynecological challenges mothers go through during childbirth result in mortality. This has compelled people particularly in developing countries to use traditional medicine to induce birth due to lack of more effective alternatives. In Uganda, from time immemorial most child birth and pregnancy related problems have been solved using medicinal plants as a primary alternative to conventional drugs. Although research has been done to document and validate effectiveness of these plants, it is not compil ed for communication to the wider community. This study, therefore, reviewed the medicinal plants used in Uganda for easing childbirth. The study collated and documented medicinal plants used by Traditional Birth Attendants and Traditional Health Practitioners to induce labor and ease child birth in local communities in Uganda and show the gaps that need to be investigated. The available literature on medicinal plants used in Uganda for childbirth were selected from reputable journals using citation databases including Google Scholar, Institute for Scientific Information, PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, and Scientific Information Database among others. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae, respectively were the most cited for gynecological uses by various local communities in Uganda. The commonly reported species were Laggera alata Sch. Bip., Tagetes minuta L, Clitoria ternatea Linn and Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst ex Benth among others. Authors were also determined to ascertain scientific evidence against analgesic, anti-inflammatory, oxytocic and phytochemical properties of the selected plant species.
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    Pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies as an invaluable approach for correct identification of medicinal plants: The case of Artemisia vulgaris L. substituted for Artemisia annua L. in Western Uganda
    (TMR Integrative Medicine, 2023-02-05) Kahwa, Ivan; Chauhan, Nagendra Singh; Omara, Timothy; Asiimwe, John Baptist; Ikiriza, Hilda; Anke, Weisheit; Ogwang, Patrick Engeu
    Different parts of Artemisia vulgaris L. (A. vulgaris) are ethno-medicinally used as an emmenagogue and for the treatment of ailments such as malaria fever, ulcers, and cancer. However, anecdotal evidence shows that the plant is often substituted for Artemisia annua L. (A. annua) by herbalists in Western Uganda due to similarities in their morphology. Misidentification of medicinal plants and mislabelling of herbal products have been incriminated in toxicity and adverse health outcomes in traditional medicine practise. Because safety continues to be a major issue with the use of herbal remedies, it becomes imperative therefore that medicinal plants should be correctly identified. Methods: This study focused on investigating the macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical characteristics and phytochemical composition of A. vulgaris leaves compared to A. annua to ease its correct identification. Results: The results showed that there are some colour differences between the leaves of the two species, with a close arrangement of microscopic features but different leaf constants. The leaves of the two Artemisia species had similar tastes, but their shapes and colours (greenish-yellow for A. annua and dark green for A. vulgaris) can be used by the local community to distinguish between them. The artemisinin content was higher in A. vulgaris leaves (1.72 %) than in A. annua (1.43%), but the reverse was observed for the total flavonoid content. Conclusion: This observation could justify the change in the use of A. vulgaris by the indigenous community in western Uganda. Further studies should consider the pharmacognostic comparison of A. annua with other species in the genus Artemisia and the use of molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding.
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    Prevalence, characteristics and predicting risk factors of adverse drug reactions among hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    (SAGE Open Medicine, 2021) Mekuriya Yadesa, Tadele; Kitutu, Freddy Eric; Deyno, Serawit; Ogwang, Patrick Engeu; Tamukong, Robert; Alele, Paul E.
    Occurrence of adverse drug reactions is a major global health problem mostly affecting older adults. Identifying the magnitude and predictors of adverse drug reactions is crucial to developing strategies to mitigate the burden of adverse drug reactions. This study’s objectives were to estimate and compare the prevalences of adverse drug reactions, to characterize them and to identify the predictors among hospitalized older adults. Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search including both prevalence and risk factors of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized older adults was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, involving all articles published in English. Descriptive statistics and comparison of means was performed using SPSS version 20.0 and metaprop command was performed in STATA version 13.0. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 statistic. Results: A total of 18 studies, involving 80,695 participants with a median age of 77 years, were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of adverse drug reaction was 22% (95% confidence interval: 17%, 28%; I 2 = 99.23%). Among high-income countries, the prevalence of adverse drug reactions was 29% (95% confidence interval: 16%, 42%) as compared to 19% (95% confidence interval: 14%–25%) in low and middle-income countries (p value = 0.176). Of the 620 adverse drug reactions categorized, most were type A (89%), which are generally predictable and preventable. Two-thirds (795, 67%) of the adverse drug reactions were probable and most (1194, 69%) were mild or moderate. The majority (60%) of the categorized adverse drug reactions were preventable and less than one-third (31%) were severe. The most consistently reported predictors of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized older patients were medication-related factors, including polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications followed by disease-related factors—renal failure, complex comorbidity, heart failure and liver failure. Conclusion: Almost one-quarter of all hospitalized older adults experienced at least one adverse drug reaction during their hospital stay. The majority of the adverse drug reactions were preventable. Medication-related factors were the most consistently reported predictors of adverse drug reactions followed by disease-related factors.