Browsing by Author "Ogwang, David Martin"

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    The burden of Burkitt lymphoma in Africa
    (Infectious agents and cancer, 2019) Hämmerl, Lucia; Colombet, Murielle; Rochford, Rosemary; Ogwang, David Martin; Parkin, Donald Maxwell
    Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a relatively common cancer of childhood in tropical Africa, although its precise incidence and continent-wide geographic distribution have not been previously systematically studied. Methods: Using the methods employed to produce national estimates of cancer incidence for the “Globocan” series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, along with detailed information on cancer incidence by histological subtype from cancer registries in Africa, we estimate the numbers and rates of incidence by sex, age group, country and region of Africa. Results: We estimate that the number of new cases that occurred in 2018 to be about 3900, two thirds in males, and 81% in children aged 0–14. On a national basis, the geographic distribution of incidence rates among children in sub-Saharan Africa resembles that of the prevalence of infection with Falciparum malaria. An estimated 81% of cases are associated with infection with Epstein Barr virus (EBV). Conclusions: BL comprises almost 50% of childhood of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Africa, almost all of which are associated with EBV, with the geographic distribution – at least in sub Saharan Africa - mediated by infection with malaria.
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    Cancer incidence in Northern Uganda (2013–2016)
    (International Journal of Cancer, 2019) Okongo, Francis; Ogwang, David Martin; Liu, Biying; Maxwell Parkin, Donald
    The global burden of cancer is on the increase both in developed and developing countries. Nearly 14 million new cases of cancer and 8 million deaths were recorded in the year 2012 accounting for 1 in 6 deaths worldwide. Up to 70% of these deaths occur in developing countries.1 About 25% of these cancers in developing countries are caused by infections such as HPV, Hepatitis and HSV among others.2 Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the region hit by the cancer burden yet only 30 population based cancer registries representing about 19% coverage are currently providing quality cancer data for the entire continent to inform policy on cancer control programs in the various member states.3 In Uganda, estimates of the cancer profile have been entirely dependent on the findings from the Kampala cancer registry.1 To bridge this gap new registries have been established, one of which is the Gulu Cancer registry, located at St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor in the Northern region of Uganda. This part of the country is predominantly rural, and differs with respect to climate, ethnic composition of the population, social and healthcare factors compared to the cosmopolitan population served by Kampala cancer registry. Gulu registry was established in 2014, and covers the population of four districts (Gulu, Omoro, Nwoya and Amuru), of the Acholi Sub-region of Uganda (Fig. 1), with a population at the national census (2014) of 771, 514.4 We report here on the results from the first 4 years of registration, 2013–2016.
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    Case Report: Swallowed toothbrush in the stomach of a 56 year female at St Mary’s Hospital Lacor, Uganda
    (AAS Open Research, 2018) Amone, Derrick; Okot, Christopher; Mugabi, Patrick; Okello, Tom Richard; Ogwang, David Martin
    Toothbrush swallowing is a rare occurrence. Toothbrush swallowing presents a risk of impaction and perforation along the gastrointestinal tract. This case report describes a 56 year old female that presented to the emergency unit of St Mary’s Hospital Lacor with a 1 day history of chest pain after a toothbrush was pushed down her throat by a traditional healer who was managing her for pharyngitis. The chest pain was associated with difficulty in breathing. She also reported dull abdominal pain. There was no history of vomiting or drooling of saliva. On examination, we found that she was in pain and had respiratory distress with a respiratory rate of 32 breath/ min and was using accessory muscles. There was no oedema, aneamia or jaundice. Blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg and pulse rate of 87 beats/ min. The abdominal findings were normal, but ultrasound scan suggested that the toothbrush was in the stomach. The plain erect abdominal x-ray was inconclusive. She was admitted to the ward for conservative management. After 2 weeks we decided to do exploratory laparotomy and we found the toothbrush in the stomach, that we removed and closed the abdomen in layers. Post-operatively the patient recovered uneventfully on the ward. Toothbrush swallowing is a rare occurrence. The commonest foreign bodies ingested by adults are bones, spoons and dentures. Toothbrush ingestion occurs commonly among patients with psychiatric conditions like bulimia or anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia and bezoar. Most swallowed toothbrushes have been found in the esophagus or the stomach of affected patients. Most people who swallowed their toothbrushes did so entirely without erotic intent, as with this case where the patient had the brush pushed down her throat by a traditional healer. This is the first case of toothbrush swallowing in this hospital.
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    Prostate hyperplasia in St Mary’s Hospital Lacor: utility of prostate specific antigen in screening for prostate malignancy
    (Afri Health Sci., 2020) Okidi, Ronald; Opira, Cyprian; Da Consolação Sambo, Vanusa; Achola, Caroline; Ogwang, David Martin
    Prostate cancer is the second commonest cancer in men worldwide. At present, every patient with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor is undergoing prostate biopsy regardless of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. We sought to determine the association between PSA and malignant prostate histology. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Data on age, PSA, prostate volume and prostate histology reported between Jan 2012 and Dec 2019 were retrieved from St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor archive and analyzed using STATA SE/13.0. Results: Records of 97 patients with LUTS was analyzed. The median (range) age of the patients was 71 (43-100) years. Median (range) of prostate volume was 91.8 (8.0-360.0) cc. Overall, PSA ranged from 0.21 to 399.2 ng/ml. Prostate histology showed 3.1% acinar adenocarcinoma, 24.7% adenocarcinoma and 72.2% benign prostatic hyperplasia. The median PSA amongst patients with malignant and non-malignant prostates were 15.8 ng/ml and 6.07 ng/ml respectively. Serum PSA level was significantly higher in patients with malignant prostate histology (Difference of mean= 9.7; p=0.001). Conclusion: Patients with LUTS and PSA levels of 15ng/ml or more were more likely to have malignant prostate histology.