Browsing by Author "Nsubuga, Fred"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Factors associated with acute watery diarrhea among children aged 0–59 months in Obongi District, Uganda, April 2022: A case–control study
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024-04) Juniour Nsubuga, Edirisa; Kirabo, Jireh; Kwiringira, Andrew; Andaku, Linus; Magona Nerima, Saharu; Nsubuga, Fred; Nakazzi, Rashida; Kwesiga, Benon; Bulage, Lilian; Kadobera, Daniel; Edward Okello, Paul; Riolexus Ario, Alex
    Abstract • Poor caregiver hand hygiene linked to acute watery diarrhea in children. • Source of water in a home was associated with acute watery diarrhea in children. • Rotavirus vaccination only, not enough to prevent acute watery diarrhea in children. • Educate communities on handwashing at critical times, using clean water & soap. • Stresses need for treated pipped/tap water in every household.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Factors Associated with Virological Nonsuppression among HIV-Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda, August 2014–July 2015
    (BMC infectious diseases, 2017) Bulage, Lilian; Ssewanyana, Isaac; Nankabirwa, Victoria; Nsubuga, Fred; Kihembo, Christine; Pande, Gerald; Ario, Alex R.; Matovu, Joseph K. B.; Wanyenze, Rhoda K.; Kiyaga, Charles
    Despite the growing number of people on antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is limited information about virological non suppression and its determinants among HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals enrolled in HIV care in many resource-limited settings. We estimated the proportion of virologically non-suppressed patients, and identified the factors associated with virological non suppression. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using routinely collected program data from viral load (VL) samples collected across the country for testing at the Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL) in Uganda. Data were generated between August 2014 and July 2015. We extracted data on socio-demographic, clinical and VL testing results. We defined virological non-suppression as having ≥1000 copies of viral RNA/ml of blood for plasma or ≥5000 copies of viral RNA/ml of blood for dry blood spots. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with virological non-suppression. Results: The study was composed of 100,678 patients; of these, 94,766(94%) were for routine monitoring, 3492(4%) were suspected treatment failures while 1436(1%) were repeat testers after suspected failure. The overall proportion of non suppression was 11%. Patients on routine monitoring registered the lowest (10%) proportion of nonsuppressed patients. Virological non-suppression was higher among suspected treatment failures (29%) and repeat testers after suspected failure (50%). Repeat testers after suspected failure were six times more likely to have virological non-suppression (ORadj = 6.3, 95%CI = 5.5–7.2) when compared with suspected treatment failures (ORadj = 3.3, 95%CI = 3.0–3.6). The odds of virological non-suppression decreased with increasing age, with children aged 0–4 years (ORadj = 5.3, 95%CI = 4.6–6.1) and young adolescents (ORadj = 4.1, 95%CI = 3.7–4.6) registering the highest odds. Poor adherence (ORadj = 3.4, 95%CI = 2.9–3.9) and having active TB (ORadj = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.6–2.4) increased the odds of virological non-suppression. However, being on second/third line regimens (ORadj = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.78–0.95) protected patients against virological non-suppression. Conclusion: Young age, poor adherence and having active TB increased the odds of virological non-suppression while second/third line ART regimens were protective against non-suppression. We recommend close follow up and intensified targeted adherence support for repeat testers after suspected failure, children and adolescents.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine 2 Safety Evaluation during Nationwide Supplemental Immunization Activity, Uganda, 2022
    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2024-04) Tobolowsky, Farrell A; Nsubuga, Fred; Gilani, Zunera; Kisakye, Annet; Ndagije, Helen; Kyabayinze, Daniel; Gidudu, Jane F
    Abstract Given its enhanced genetic stability, novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 was deployed for type 2 poliovirus outbreak responses under World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing. We evaluated the safety profile of this vaccine. No safety signals were identified using a multipronged approach of passive and active surveillance.