Browsing by Author "Nnyanzi, John Bosco"

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    Agricultural Productivity and Household Welfare in Uganda: Examining the Relevance of Agricultural Improvement Interventions
    (The Palgrave Handbook of Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa, 2020) Kilimani, Nicholas; Nnyanzi, John Bosco; Okumu, Ibrahim M.; Bbaale, Edward
    Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa remains a strong candidate for driving growth, alleviating poverty, and enhancing food security (Asfaw et al. 2012). Improving the productivity, proftability, and sustainability of smallholder farming is therefore one critical pathway for improved welfare for the major- ity of the region’s population (World Bank 2008). What is vital to note is that achieving agricultural productivity growth will not be possible without devel- oping and disseminating yield-enhancing technologies since it is no longer feasible to meet the needs of the increasing population through the expansion of cultivable area (Asfaw et al. 2012). Agricultural research and technologi- cal improvements are considered as the vehicles through which agricultural productivity can be increased. A combination of those would result in income growth, asset accumulation, rural employment creation, and overall welfare improvement. In the absence of such innovations, poverty as well as meeting the demand for food will inevitably result in environmental and natural resource degradation as farmers encroach on forests and wetlands in search for fertile “virgin” land.
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    Estimation of Disaggregated Impacts of Education Expansion on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
    (Modern Economy, 2018) Nnyanzi, John Bosco; Kilimani, Nicholas
    Underpinned by evidence from the theories of endogenous growth which stress the role of human capital accumulation in enhancing growth, this pa- per investigates the disaggregated impact of school enrolment on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 1995-2016. The analysis is based on the augmented Solow, and Mankiw models and employs the Gener- alized Method of Moments (GMM) technique that takes care of endogeneity in a dynamic panel environment. The results point to a significant but differ- ential impact of educational expansion in facilitating economic performance in the SSA region. Essentially, the growth enhancing impact of education de- pends on the type of education with secondary education yielding the largest impacts. The gender disaggregated model results show that and secondary school and primary enrolment yield higher growth effects relative to tertiary enrolment. Most interestingly and contrary to existing literature on the gen- der disaggregated impact of education on growth, the education of girls is seen to yield higher growth effects relative to boys. Based on evidence of the positive impact of girl-child education, policy interventions to support and sustain girl child education in Sub-Saharan Africa ought to be encouraged.
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    How important are remittances to savings? Evidence from the Latin America and the Caribbean Countries
    (IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 2022) Nnyanzi, John Bosco; Kilimani, Nicholas; Oryema, John Bosco
    This paper investigates the direct and the indirect roles of migrant transfers in the saving behaviors of the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries during the period 1997–2018. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) panel estimation technique, the results based on the Pooled Mean Group approach provide strong evidence of the importance of inward remittances to savings. On average, an increase in inward remittances by 1% leads to about 0.10% increase in savings ceteris paribus, but the effect is quantitatively larger in the short-run than in the long-run, albeit more significant in the latter case. Quite outstanding here is the observation of the detrimental role of remittances on savings in the long-run once governance quality in aggregate and disaggregated forms are controlled for, suggesting possible adverse effects of remittances for economic development in the long-run. Nevertheless, macroeco- nomic stability as well as institutional quality, foreign direct investment (FDI), and foreign aid were found to be important moderators of the remittances–savings linkage. For the latter two variables, emphasis is on complementarity rather than substitutability between remittances, aid, and FDI. While in the short-run remittances appear to perform better in enhancing sav- ings in countries where an improvement in corruption control is visible, political rights and civil liberties compliment migrant transfers in propelling savings in the long- and short-runs, respectively. Moreover, remittances are found to play a major role in ameliorating the adverse effects of the financial crisis on savings, just as they are observed to function as a lifeline to savings in countries with increasing macroeconomic instability in form of inflation, in the long-run. The findings are robust to the use of alternative estimation techniques. Policy recom- mendations are suggested.
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    Real exchange rate undervaluation, regional integration and services sector performance: evidence from the East African Community
    (Journal of Economic Structures, 2022) Kilimani, Nicholas; Nnyanzi, John Bosco; Oryema, John Bosco
    We undertake to estimate the efects of real exchange rate misalignment and regional integration on the service sector performance in selected countries from East Africa during the period of 1991–2017. The main fndings, based on the traditional Pooled Mean Group ARDL technique as well as the alternative panel Cross-Sectional Autore- gressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach render support for an undervaluation-led services sector performance as well as the importance of regional integration in the observed linkage. Additional evidence reveals that both the monetary policy and the fscal policy are key channels via which currency undervaluation impacts on the services sector output. The existence of non-linearities in an inverted U-shaped curve is equally confrmed in the data, where small and moderate undervaluations spur service sector performance just as large undervaluations after some threshold hinder it. Exchange rate volatility is found detrimental to the services sector in the long run. Policies that would help promote the underlying catalysts of undervaluation, curtail exchange rate volatility as well as those that promote deeper regional integration should be strengthened. Likewise, undervaluation policies would yield optimal benefts to the services sector once they are accompanied by well-calculated monetary and fscal policies.