Browsing by Author "Nakubulwa, S."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of women involved in high risk sexual behaviour in Kampala, Uganda
    (Sexually transmitted diseases, 2011) Vandepitte, J.; Bukenya, J.; Weiss, H. A.; Nakubulwa, S.; Francis, S. C.; Hughes, P.; Hayes, R.; Grosskurth, H.
    Uganda has long been successful in controlling the HIV epidemic but there is evidence that HIV prevalence and incidence are increasing again. Data on the HIV/STI epidemic among sex workers are so far lacking from Uganda. This paper describes the baseline epidemiology of HIV/STI in a newly-established cohort of women involved in high risk sexual behaviour in Kampala, Uganda. Methods—Women were recruited from red-light-areas in Kampala. Between April 2008-May 2009, 1027 eligible women were enrolled. Socio-demographic and behavioural information was collected; blood and genital samples were tested for HIV/STI. Risk factors for HIV-infection were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results—HIV seroprevalence was 37%. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoea (NG) was 13%, C. trachomatis (CT) 9%, T. vaginalis (TV) 17%, bacterial vaginosis (BV) 56% and 11% had candida infection. 80% had HSV-2 antibodies, 21% were TPHA -positive and 10% had active syphilis (RPR+TPHA+). In 3% of the genital ulcers, T. pallidum (TP) was identified, H. ducreyi (HD) in 6% and HSV-2 in 35%. Prevalent HIV was independently associated with older age, being widowed, lack of education, sex work as sole income, street based sex work, not knowing HIVstatus, using alcohol and intravaginal cleansing with soap. HIV-infection was associated with NG, TV, BV, HSV-2 seropositivity and active syphilis. Conclusions—Prevalence of HIV/STI is high among women involved in high risk sexual behaviour in Kampala. Targeted HIV prevention interventions including regular STI screening, VCT, condom promotion and counselling for reducing alcohol use are urgently needed in this population.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Prediction of peak expiratory flow rate in a Ugandan population
    (African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine, 2015) Nakubulwa, S.; Baisley, K.; Levin, J.; Nakiyingi-Miiro, J.; Kamali, A.; Nunn, A.
    Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurement is one of the commonly used methods for assessing lung function in general practice consultations. The reference values for use by this method are mainly from Caucasian populations; data for African populations are limited. The existence of ethnic and racial differences in lung function necessitates further generation of PEFR reference values for use in African populations. Objective. To generate equations for predicting PEFR in a Ugandan population. Methods. The PEFR study was cross-sectional and based in rural south-western Uganda. Participants were aged 15 years or more, without respiratory symptoms and were residents of the study area. Multiple regression equations for predicting PEFR were fitted separately for males and females. The model used for PEFR prediction was: logePEFR = intercept + a(age, y) + b(logeage) + c(1/height in cm), where a, b and c are the regression coefficients. Results. The eligible study population consisted of 774 males and 781 females. Median height was 164 cm (males) and 155 cm (females). The majority of participants had never smoked (males 76.7%; females 98.3%). The equation which gave the best fit for males was logePEFR = 6.188 – 0.019age + 0.557logeage – 199.945/height and for females: logePEFR = 5.948 – 0.014 age + 0.317logeage – 85.147/height. Conclusion. The curvilinear model obtained takes into consideration the changing trends of PEFR with increasing age from adolescence to old age. It provides PEFR prediction equations that can be applied in East African populations.