NRU :: Browsing by Author "Nakakawa, Agnes"

Browsing by Author "Nakakawa, Agnes"

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Applying Soft Systems Methodology in Enterprise Architecture Creation Workshops
(Enterprise modelling and information systems architectures, 2011) Nakakawa, Agnes; Bommel, Patrick van; Proper, H.A. Erik
Lack of effective involvement of stakeholders is one of the main drawbacks of enterprise architecture initiatives. Ongoing attempts to overcome this involve using Collaboration Engineering to develop a collaboration process that enterprise architects can execute to facilitate collaborative sessions with stakeholders during architecture creation. However, a field study evaluation of this process revealed that it offered inadequate support for stirring vigorous and rigorous discussions during activities that required organizing and assessing problem or solution aspects that resulted from brainstorming activities. Since Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) helps to structure rational thinking about messy situations, its techniques can be adapted to supplement the design of the collaboration process with support for triggering discussions and creating a shared understanding and vision among stakeholders. This paper therefore presents a script that shows how this can be done, and discusses its evaluation in a real case.
Challenges of Involving Stakeholders When Creating Enterprise Architecture
(SIKS/BENAIS Conference, 2010) Nakakawa, Agnes; Bommel, Patrick van; Proper, H.A. Erik
Although researchers report challenges that occur during enterprise architecture development (in general), there is lack of an elaborate description of those that occur during enterprise architecture creation – particularly if organizational stakeholders are to be deeply involved. Yet understanding challenges of involving organizational stakeholders when creating enterprise architecture is a prerequisite for devising a relevant solution to enterprise architects. An exploratory survey was therefore conducted with the aim of investigating challenges that enterprise architects face when they involve organizational stakeholders during enterprise architecture creation. This paper presents and discusses findings from the survey. The survey results generally indicate why 90% of enterprise architects face challenges when delivering products of enterprise architecture creation, although 96% of architects closely collaborate with organizational stakeholders during enterprise architecture creation.
Collaboration Engineering Approach to Enterprise Architecture Design Evaluation and Selection
(Proceedings of CAiSE-DC, 2008) Nakakawa, Agnes
Before an organisation takes up a particular enterprise ar- chitecture design, there is need to consider and evaluate the possible design alternatives, and then select an appropriate one. This process re- quires a collaborative e ort involving all key stakeholders in order to obtain an `acceptable' solution. Therefore, in this paper we propose the development of a transferable, predictable and repeatable process that supports collaborative evaluation and selection of enterprise architecture design alternatives. To achieve this, we propose the use of collaboration engineering approach. Additionally, a ctitious case of airline mergers is used in order to demonstrate the; problem argued, rationale for solving it, e ective and e cient way of solving it, and applicability of the pro- posed research.
Definition and Validation of Requirements for Collaborative Decision-Making in Enterprise Architecture Creation
(International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 2011) Nakakawa, Agnes; Van Bommel, Patrick; Proper, H. A. Erik
Gartner advises that for enterprise architecture development to be successful, it is vital that enterprise architects ensure effective communication and also form virtual teams that create and agree on enterprise architecture content. One of the ways to achieve this is to enforce Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) during enterprise architecture creation. Guided by Design Science, we are developing a method referred to as Collaborative Evaluation of (Enterprise) Architecture Design Alternatives (CEADA) to enable CDM during enterprise architecture creation. The method attempts to resolve challenges in enterprise architecting that are caused by ineffective collaboration between enterprise architects and organizational stakeholders. Requirements for CEADA have been defined based on the causality analysis theory, the generic decision-making process, enterprise architecture frameworks (and literature), and the CDM theory. In addition, Collaboration Engineering has been used to design a collaboration process to address these requirements. Models describing the requirements and the design of the collaboration process, have been evaluated using the analytical, experimental, and observational methods. This paper discusses the implications of findings from these evaluations and presents the validated requirements for realizing CDM in enterprise architecture creation. Thus, this research generally attempts to strengthen enterprise architecting guidelines with collaborative activities, so as to enable effective execution of collaboration-dependent tasks.
Dimensions for Scoping e-Government Enterprise Architecture Development Efforts
(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Nakakawa, Agnes; Namagembe, Flavia; Proper, Erik H. A.
Inspired by developed economies, many developing economies are adopting an enterprise architecture approach to e-government implementation in order to overcome challenges of e-government interoperability. However, when developing an enterprise architecture for a complex enterprise such as the egovernment enterprise, there is need to rationally specify scope dimensions. Addressing this requires guidance from e-government maturity models that provide insights into phasing e-government implementations; and enterprise architecture approaches that provide general insight into key dimensions for scoping enterprise architecture efforts. Although such insights exist, there is hardly detailed guidance on scoping initiatives associated with developing an egovernment enterprise architecture. Yet the success of such business-IT alignment initiatives is often affected by scope issues. Thus, this paper presents an intertwined procedure that draws insights from e-government maturity models and enterprise architecture frameworks to specify critical aspects in scoping egovernment enterprise architecture development efforts. The procedure was validated using a field demo conducted in a Uganda public entity.
Framework Towards Enhancing Adoption of Electronic Payment in a Developing Economy: A Case of Uganda
(The African Journal of Information Systems, 2018) Eelu, Samuel; Nakakawa, Agnes
Usage of electronic payment (e-payment) in developing economies is still limited, yet literature reveals several models and research efforts that explain adoption of innovations associated with information and communication technologies. Thus, this paper investigates issues hindering increased adoption of e-payment systems in a developing economy (specifically Uganda), and suggests possible strategic capabilities or interventions that key stakeholders can actualize to address the issues and enhance e-payment adoption. To achieve this, participatory action research was adopted and instantiated by: conducting an exploratory survey to gain relevant insights from target users of e-payment, devising a framework basing on survey findings and on a literature-based taxonomy of aspects that influence technology adoption, and evaluating the artifact using structured walk through with domain experts. Accordingly, the framework presented herein not only explains dynamics in e-payment adoption, but also informs and directs stakeholders on required interventions towards enhancing adoption of e-payment in a developing economy.
A Model for Developing Usable Integrated Case Management Information Systems
(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Kuhimbisa, Edgar; Baguma, Rehema; Nakakawa, Agnes
The increased adoption of technology in government-driven processes and services over the years has led to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as mechanisms and platforms for citizens to access justice services and participate in the judicial process. In Uganda, there are current and ongoing efforts, through e-justice initiatives in the Justice, Law and Order Sector, to integrate case management information systems in criminal justice institutions as a means of improving worker productivity, facilitating information sharing, collaboration, better information access by the general public, citizen engagement and satisfaction with public services. The focus for this study was to devise a model that provides guidance on how to develop integrated information systems that are usable – by supporting improved human-driven legal processes, increased citizen engagement and facilitation of interaction between justice agencies and the general public. Based on the requirements for usable integrated information systems obtained from the review of literature and a survey, a model for guiding development of usable integrated case management information systems known as the Architecture-driven Usability Process Model (AdUPRO) was created.
On Supporting Collaborative Problem Solving in Enterprise Architecture Creation
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010) Nakakawa, Agnes; Bommel, Patrick van; Proper, H.A. Erik
Creating enterprise architecture can be perceived as a creative problem solving task, since it involves managing organizational complexity and inflexibility by devising a synergic solution from all organizational units. Creative (or collaborative) problem solving in several fields has been supported by supplementing domain specific techniques with functionalities of a Group Support System (GSS). This paper aims to demonstrate how GSSs can also be used to support collaborative problem solving in enterprise architecture creation. Using the Design Science research methodology, a method was designed to support collaborative problem solving during architecture creation. This method draws from enterprise architecture approaches that are used in practice, and collaborative problem solving theories in academia. It has been evaluated using an experiment and two real life cases. This paper presents findings from this evaluation. The findings were used to refine the method, and they indicate that the effectiveness of academia-based artifacts in addressing problems encountered in practice, can only be achieved through continuous and diverse evaluation of these artifacts in practice.
Requirements for developing interoperable e-government systems in developing countries – a case of Uganda
(Electronic Government, an International Journal, 2019) Nakakawa, Agnes; Namagembe, Flavia
E-government initiatives in developing countries still suffer from lack of interoperability, despite the existence of e-government interoperability frameworks in literature. For example, Uganda’s e-government landscape is fragmented within and across agencies. To provide preliminary insights into addressing this, exploratory interviews were conducted to investigate why the e-government interoperability challenge prevails in Uganda, and findings were used with respect to existing literature to specify required strategic interventions. These strategic interventions point to the need for three intertwined capabilities, i.e., a regulatory and governance framework, a capacity building and sustainability framework, and an adaptation and customisation framework for e-government implementations. Therefore, the relevance of this paper is two-fold. First, to give insight into strategic interventions that developing economies (that share Uganda’s context) can explore to address e-government interoperability. Second, to stimulate researchers in countries that have attained e-government interoperability to publish detailed technical guidelines on implementing the strategic interventions proposed herein.
A Situational Method for Creating Shared Understanding on Requirements for an Enterprise Architecture
(International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 2018) Nakakawa, Agnes; Van Bommel, Patrick; Proper, Erik H. A.; Mulder, Hans J. B. F.
Lack of shared understanding among stakeholders is a commonly cited drawback in enterprise architecture development. Stakeholders need to have shared understanding of requirements and principles for an enterprise architecture, and the extent to which the resultant architecture addresses their concerns. However, existing approaches for enterprise architecture development lack adequate capabilities for managing aspects associated with creating shared understanding among stakeholders. Although such aspects can be largely managed by approaches for collaborative decision making and soft systems thinking, these approaches lack details on the enterprise architecture process and its products. Therefore, this paper explores ways of mutually diminishing these gaps through adopting situational method engineering, to guide the development of a situational method for enabling stakeholders to acquire shared understanding of requirements for an enterprise architecture. The situational method presented herein is a component of a broader method for supporting collaboration between stakeholders and architects during enterprise architecture creation. Although the latter was successfully evaluated in 6 enterprises, it exhibited highest performance scores in two enterprises after it was amended with the situational method. Therefore, this paper also presents key findings from evaluating the situational method in the two agencies that are located in Uganda.
A Spatial Decision Support Tool for Landfill Site Selection: Case For Municipal Solid Waste Management
(Fountain Publishers, 2022) Nakakawa, Agnes; Ogao, P.J.
One of the problems faced worldwide is waste management. It involves several activities, which can be categorized into: collection, transportation and disposal of waste. Computerizing the processes involved in these activities can help to improve efficiency and effectiveness in waste management. However, the process of particular interest and environmental concern is the effective selection of sites for waste disposal (landfill sites). The current process of selecting landfills in Uganda is manual, costly and time consuming. This paper presents the design and development of a Spatial Decision Support Tool as a computer-based technology that can be used to solve the complex process of landfill site selection for municipal solid waste management in Kampala and the neighboring Wakiso districts. Several parameters required in landfill site selection such as an area’s distance from: roads, rivers, lakes, wetlands, towns, gazetted land, and the soil type, topography, land cover of an area among others were considered. The tool was developed based on existing literature on landfill site selection, Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE). The model used by the tool was designed using ArcView Spatial Analyst 2.0, the user interfaces were designed using Avenue Programming language and Visual Basic 6.0, and ArcView GIS 3.2a provided the Database Management System. The results of the tool were validated using Ground Truthing. The results of this study can be very helpful during the procurement process of landfill sites; that is, the concerned authorities can save time and costs associated with inspection and evaluation for bidders whose sites are located far outside the range of potentially identified areas.
Supplementing Enterprise Architecture Approaches with Support for Executing Collaborative Tasks — A Case of TOGAF ADM
(International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 2013) Nakakawa, Agnes; Bommel, Patrick Van; Proper, H. A. Erik
Effective execution of collaborative tasks during enterprise architecture creation helps to increase stakeholders’ involvement and awareness in the architecture effort. However, enterprise architecture approaches lack detailed support for collaborative tasks. In an effort to address this, an exploratory survey was conducted among enterprise architects to investigate issues associated with executing collaborative tasks during enterprise architecture creation. Accordingly, this paper discusses mainly three aspects. First, it discusses how issues that were reported in the survey can be addressed by adopting the design science research methodology to guide the development of a process or method that supports the execution of collaborative tasks in architecture creation. The developed process is principally rooted in collaboration engineering and soft systems methodology (SSM). Second, the paper discusses how the developed method can be used to supplement enterprise architecture approaches that are used in practice (e.g. TOGAF) with support for executing collaborative tasks. Third, the paper discusses key findings from evaluating the developed process in two real organizations.
Towards a Public Participatory GIS-Based Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management
(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Arinaitwe, Irene; Maiga, Gilbert; Nakakawa, Agnes
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a global controversial environmental challenge globally. Participatory approaches in planning and decision making have been advanced as part of the strategies in order to attain sustainable waste management systems. However, achieving meaningful public participation for such systems is still a challenge. The need therefore remains to explore different ways in which public participation in MSWM can be enhanced. The use of Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) has a potential to increase public participation in MSWM. However, its use still face hurdles from the social, institutional and political aspects that limit “public participation”. This paper reports on a study that explores the social, political and institutional challenges affecting public participation in MSWM problem in Uganda. An exploratory study was conducted in Uganda’s central region with key stakeholders in MSWM. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis based on the Enhanced Adaptive Structuration Theory (EAST-2) framework. The results show that knowledge and awareness, participant attitudes, institutional practices, political will and legislation are important for successful MSWM participatory planning process.
Towards a Theory on Collaborative Decision Making in Enterprise Architecture
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010) Nakakawa, Agnes; Bommel, Patrick van; Proper, Erik
Several challenges in enterprise architecture development indicate the need for collaborative decision making to be deployed during architecture creation. However, how this should be achieved remains ad hoc. This paper, therefore, presents an evolving theory that is currently being used to guide the development of a method for supporting collaborative decision making during enterprise architecture creation. The first iteration to evaluate the relevance of the concepts in this theory was done using an exploratory survey, and the findings are briefly presented.

Browsing by Author "Nakakawa, Agnes"

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