Browsing by Author "Nabisere, Ruth"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Decreased Dolutegravir and Efavirenz Concentrations With Preserved Virological Suppression in Patients With Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving High-Dose Rifampicin
    (Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2022) Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Christine; Nabisere, Ruth; Musaazi, Joseph; Otaalo, Brian; Aber, Florence; Alinaitwe, Lucy; Nampala, Juliet; Najjemba, Letisha; Buzibye, Allan; Omali, Denis; Gausi, Kamunkhwala; Kengo, Allan; Lamorde, Mohammed; Aarnoutse, Rob; Denti, Paolo; Dooley, Kelly E.; Sloan, Derek J.
    Higher doses of rifampicin may improve treatment outcomes and reduce the duration of tuberculosis (TB) therapy. However, drug–drug interactions with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and safety in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have not been evaluated. Methods. This was a randomized, open-label trial where newly diagnosed TB patients were randomized to higher (35 mg/kg) or standard (10 mg/kg) daily-dose rifampicin. ART treatment–naive patients were randomized to dolutegravir- or efavirenz-based ART. At week 6, trough dolutegravir or mid-dose efavirenz plasma concentrations were assayed. HIV viral load was measured at week 24. Results. Among 128 patients randomized, the median CD4 count was 191 cells/mm3. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) for trough dolutegravir concentrations on higher- vs standard-dose rifampicin was 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], .34–.97; P =.039) and the GMR for mid-dose efavirenz was 0.63 (95% CI, .38–1.07; P= .083). There was no significant difference in attainment of targets for dolutegravir trough or efavirenz mid-dose concentrations between rifampicin doses. The incidence of HIV treatment failure at week 24 was similar between rifampicin doses (14.9% vs 14.0%, P= .901), as was the incidence of drug-related grade 3–4 adverse events (9.8% vs 6%). At week 8, fewer patients remained sputum culture positive on higherdose rifampicin (18.6% vs 37.0%, P =.063). Conclusions. Compared with standard-dose rifampicin, high-dose rifampicin reduced dolutegravir and efavirenz exposures, but HIV suppression was similar across treatment arms. Higher-dose rifampicin was well tolerated among people with HIV and associated with a trend toward faster sputum culture conversion.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Risks Related to Diabetes Mellitus Among University Students in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
    (East African Health Research Commission, 2017-05-01) Kharono, Brenda; Nabisere, Ruth; Nabyonga, Kiddu Persis; Nakakeeto, Jackie; Openy, Abraham; Kitaka, Sabrina Bakeera
    Background: Diabetes mellitus is on the rise in low-income countries, including Uganda, owing to the ‘westernization’ of individual lifestyles. It remains unanswered whether the majority of university students who are rapidly embracing ‘western’ lifestyles have any knowledge of diabetes or perceive themselves to be at risk of acquiring the disease. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived risks related to diabetes mellitus among university students in Uganda. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 universities in Uganda from August to November 2013. The data collection tool included questions on risk factors, symptoms, personal risks, and practices to prevent diabetes mellitus. We interviewed 378 university students using pretested self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Only students who consented to participate in the study were included. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 18. Results: Almost all (99%) of the students had knowledge about diabetes mellitus. The majority (83.1%) reported that diabetes mellitus is not completely a genetic/hereditary disease. Only a minority of respondents reported that they should worry about diabetes before 45 years of age. Common symptoms of diabetes reported by the respondents included constant hunger, blurred vision, fatigue, and frequent urination. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the majority of university students in Uganda had good knowledge about the risk factors and symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The majority also perceived themselves to be at risk of diabetes.