Browsing by Author "Muwonge, James"

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    Burden of cumulative risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases among adults in Uganda: evidence from a national baseline survey
    (International Journal for Equity in Health, 2016) Wesonga, Ronald; Guwatudde, David; Bahendeka, Silver K.; Mutungi, Gerald; Nabugoomu, Fabian; Muwonge, James
    Modification of known risk factors has been the most tested strategy for dealing with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The cumulative number of NCD risk factors exhibited by an individual depicts a disease burden. However, understanding the risk factors associated with increased NCD burden has been constrained by scarcity of nationally representative data, especially in the developing countries and not well explored in the developed countries as well. Methods: Assessment of key risk factors for NCDs using population data drawn from 3987 participants in a nationally representative baseline survey in Uganda was made. Five key risk factors considered for the indicator variable included: high frequency of tobacco smoking, less than five servings of fruit and vegetables per day, low physical activity levels, high body mass index and raised blood pressure. We developed a composite indicator dependent variable with counts of number of risk factors associated with NCDs per participant. A statistical modeling framework was developed and a multinomial logistic regression model was fitted. The endogenous and exogenous predictors of NCD cumulative risk factors were assessed. Results: A novel model framework for cumulative number of NCD risk factors was developed. Most respondents, 38 · 6% exhibited one or two NCD risk factors each. Of the total sample, 56 · 4% had at least two risk factors whereas only 5.3% showed no risk factor at all. Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, consumption of fruit and vegetables, age, region, residence, type of residence and land tenure system were statistically significant predictors of number of NCD risk factors (p < 0 · 05). With exception to diastolic blood pressure, increase in age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and reduction in daily fruit and vegetable servings were found to significantly increase the relative risks of exhibiting cumulative NCD risk factors. Compared to the urban residence status, the relative risk of living in a rural area significantly increased the risk of having 1 or 2 risk factors by a multiple of 1.55.
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    The Epidemiology of Hypertension in Uganda: Findings from the National Non- Communicable Diseases Risk Factor Survey
    (PLoS ONE, 2015) Guwatudde, David; Mutungi, Gerald; Wesonga, Ronald; Kajjura, Richard; Kasule, Hafisa; Muwonge, James; Ssenono, Vincent; Bahendeka, Silver K.
    Hypertension is an important contributor to global burden of disease and mortality, and is a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. However, most sub-Saharan African countries lack detailed countrywide data on hypertension and other non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors that would provide benchmark information for design of appropriate interventions.We analyzed blood pressure data from Uganda’s nationwide NCD risk factor survey conducted in 2014, to describe the prevalence and distribution of hypertension in the Ugandan population, and to identify the associated factors.
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    Physical Activity Levels Among Adults in Uganda: Findings From a Countrywide Cross-Sectional Survey
    (Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2016) Guwatudde, David; Kirunda, Barbara E.; Wesonga, Ronald; Mutungi, Gerald; Kajjura, Richard; Kasule, Hafisa; Muwonge, James; Bahendeka, Silver K.
    Being physically active is associated with lower risk of many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). We analyzed physical activity (PA) data collected as part of Uganda’s countrywide NCD risk factor survey conducted in 2014, to describe PA levels in Uganda. Methods: PA data were collected on the domains of work, travel and leisure. We calculated the percentage of participants meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) PA recommendations, and the types of intense-specific duration of PA. Prevalence ratios (PR) were used to identify factors associated with meeting WHO PA recommendations. Results: Of the 3987 participants, 3758 (94.3%) met the WHO PA recommendations. Work-related PA of moderate intensity, and travel-related PA contributed most to participants’ overall weekly duration of PA, each contributing 49.6% and 25.2% respectively. The median weekly duration of all moderate-intensity PA was 1470 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] = 540 to 2460). Weekly duration of all vigorous-intensity PA was low with a median of 0 minutes (IQR = 0 to 1080). The median daily sedentary time was 120 minutes (IQR = 60 to 240). Factors significantly associated with meeting WHO PA recommendations were body mass index and level of education. Conclusions: PA levels in Uganda are high, mostly achieved through travel and work-related activities of moderate intensity.
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    Prevalence and correlates of diabetes mellitus in Uganda: a population-based national survey
    (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2016) Bahendeka, Silver; Wesonga, Ronald; Mutungi, Gerald; Muwonge, James; Neema, Stella; Guwatudde, David
    We analysed fasting blood glucose (FBG) and other data collected as part of a population-based nationwide non-communicable disease risk factor survey, to estimate the prevalence of impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) and diabetes mellitus and to identify associated factors in Uganda. methods The nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and July 2014. Participants were adults aged 18–69 years. A multistage stratified sample design was used to produce a national representative sample. Fasting capillary glucose was measured to estimate glycaemia. Data were managed with WHO e-STEPs software and Epi Info. Stata survey procedures were used to account for the sampling design, and sampling weights were used to account for differential probability of selection between strata. results Of the 3689 participants, 1467 (39.8%) were males, and 2713 (73.5%) resided in the rural areas. The mean age was 35.1 years (standard deviation = 12.6) for males and 35.8 years (13.2) for females. The overall prevalence of IFG was 2.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5–2.5%), whereas that of diabetes mellitus was 1.4% (95% CI 0.9–1.9%). The prevalence of IFG was 2.1% (95% CI 1.3–2.9%) among males and 1.9% (95% CI 1.3–2.6%) among females, whereas that of diabetes mellitus was 1.6% (95% CI 0.8–2.6%) and 1.1% (95% CI 0.6–1.7%), respectively. The prevalence of IFG was 2.6% (95% CI 1.4–3.8%) among urban and 1.9% (95% CI 1.3–2.4%) among rural residents, whereas that of diabetes mellitus was 2.7% (95% CI 1.4–4.1) and 1.0% (95% 0.5–1.6%), respectively. The majority of participants identified with hyperglycaemia (90.5% IFG and 48.9% diabetes) were not aware of their hyperglycaemic status. Factors associated with IFG were region of residence, body mass index and total cholesterol; factors associated with diabetes mellitus were age, sex, household floor finish and abdominal obesity. conclusion The prevalence of IFG and of diabetes mellitus is low in the Ugandan population, providing an opportunity for the prevention of diabetes. The majority of persons with hyperglycaemia were not aware of their hyperglycaemic status, which implies a likelihood of presenting late with complications.