Browsing by Author "Mukasa, Kiguli James"

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    Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Evaluation in Rats of PPOJ5 and ADOJ6 Herbal Remedies Used Traditionally in the Management of HIV Infection
    (Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2016) Joseph, Oloro; Mukasa, Kiguli James; Ritah, Nabirumbi; Kihdze, Tanayen Julius; Imanirampa, Lawrence; Bajunirwe, Francis; Ganafa, Amon Agaba
    The use of herbal medicine in the treatment of many ailments is on the rise. It’s a common practice in many rural communities where access to health care is poor but also in the developed world. There is however, no much attention paid to the potential toxicity of these herbal products. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of two herbal remedies; PPOJ5 and ADOJ6, being used for the management of patients with HIV. Both acute and sub-acute toxicity were evaluated using a rat model. Liver, renal and haematological parameters were measured. PPOJ5 was found slightly toxic with an estimated LD50 of 1.341 g/kg body weight and it significantly elevated lymphocyte count. ADOJ6 was safe in both acute and sub-acute toxicity studies. There is a need to evaluate the extracts of both PPOJ5 and ADOJ6 on isolated human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) to determine their safety level and possible immunostimulatory effects of PPOJ5.
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    Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Vulvovaginal Candida species among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, South Western Uganda
    (British microbiology research journal, 2015) Mukasa, Kiguli James; Herbert, Itabangi; Daniel, Atwine; Sserunkuma, Kibuka Livingstone; Joel, Bazira; Frederick, Byarugaba
    Aims To identify the Candida species that cause vulvovaginal candidiasis and determine their antifungal susceptibility patterns. Study Design This was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study The study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Mbarara Municipality, between December 2012 and February 2013. Methods High vaginal swabs from 456 pregnant women were subjected to microscopy and culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Candida isolates were identified by the germ tube and Analytical profile index (API® Candida) tests. Susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole was determined by the Etest strips and for clotrimazole and nystatin by the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar supplemented with 2%w/v glucose and 0.5μg/ml methylene blue dye. Results Of the 456 High vaginal swabs cultured, 207 grew Candida species. Species distribution was as follows: C. albicans (78.95%), C. glabrata (14.35%), C. krusei (3.35%), C. tropicalis (1.44%), C. famata (0.96%), C. parapsilosis (0.48%) and C. lusitaniae (0.48%). Resistance to nystatin was only observed in 0.61% of C.albicans. Resistance to clotrimazole was observed in 50%, 36.67% and 0.61% of C. famata, C. glabrata and C. albicans respectively. C. krusei showed a high resistance of 71.43% to fluconazole. C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. famata and C. lusitaniae exhibited 100% resistance to itraconazole. Resistance to voriconazole of less than 11% was exhibited by only C. albicans and C. glabrata. Conclusion C.albicans was susceptible to most antifungal agents tested except itraconazole and voriconazole. All isolates were susceptible to nystatin except less than 1% of Candida albicans. Non-albicans demonstrated resistance to some drugs especially itraconazole. We recommend use of Nystatin for empirical management of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women