Browsing by Author "Masette, Margaret"

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    Elemental composition of small pelagic fishes in three East African lakes: Implications for nutritional security
    (Fisheries Research, 2022) Clarke, Shelby B.; Nesbitt, William A.; Efitre, Jackson; Masette, Margaret; Chapman, Lauren J.
    Micronutrient deficiencies and food insecurity constitute major threats to human health across Africa. With decreasing availability of large-bodied fishes (>20 cm), strategies have developed to target small pelagic fish (SPF) species (<20 cm total length) to improve the food availability; yet little is known regarding their nutritional content. Three species of SPFs - Engraulicypris bredoi (muziri), Brycinus nurse (ragoogi) and Rastrineobola argentea (mukene) - were collected from lakes Albert, Victoria, and Nabugabo in Uganda, East Africa. The content of essential elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Se, and Zn) and non-essential, potentially toxic elements (Cd and Pb) were measured and compared in fishes across landing sites within lakes Victoria (R. argentea) and Albert (B. nurse, E. bredoi) and between lakes (R. argentea). Rastrineobola argentea was the most nutritious of the fishes examined, although some variation was present in their elemental concentration among landing sites. Overall, all three species contain high levels of essential nutrients and fall within a safe range for non-essential, toxic elements based on current consumption habits. These SPFs can play an important role in addressing nutritional deficiencies in Uganda, and effort should be made to increase the availability, accessibility, and consumption of these under-utilized small fishes.
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    Oxidative stability and proximate composition of silver cyprinid (Rastrineobola argentea) used for fishmeal in East Africa
    (Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 2021) Kawooya Kubiriza, Godfrey; Ssempijja, Drake; Mubiru, Edward; Semwanga, Nathan; Odoli, Cyprian O.; Zalwango, Julliet; Masette, Margaret
    Fishmeal and oils used for feed formulation contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are easily oxidized, and affect farmed fish. In this study, the effects of season (dry orwet), drying methods (i.e., artisanal: bare ground, rock surface,meshes laid on the ground or raised racks or adopted), aswell as storage time on Rastrineobola argentea used for fishmeal in East Africa were examined. Lipid oxidation and proximate composition stability were determined at 30-day intervals over a period of 90 days. Lipid oxidation stability was monitored by determining free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs). Changes in proximate composition were based on moisture, ash, crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), and gross energy (GE). The relationships among lipid oxidation and proximate composition parameters were also explored. Considerable oxidative rancidity reflected by significantly high levels of FFA, PV, and TBARs in dried R. argenteawas recorded in thewet than in the dry season.Drying of R. argentea on bare ground andmeshes laid on the ground led to higher lipid oxidation than drying on raised racks. Lipid oxidation was also significantly higher in salted and indirectly dried R. argentea than in the unsalted and directly dried samples. Dry matter tended to decrease with storage time, as ash was high in salted samples and those dried on bare ground. There was a general decrease in EE content with storage time that coincided with peroxidation. However, CP and GE were less affected by season, processing methods and storage time. Drying R. argentea on raised racks was the best among the processing method investigated.