NRU :: Browsing by Author "Makubuya, Timothy"

Browsing by Author "Makubuya, Timothy"

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A descriptive prospective study of sports medicine practices for athletes in Uganda
(African Health Sciences, 2021) Lubega, Samuel K.; Makubuya, Timothy; Muwonge, Haruna; Lambert, Mike
Background: Many international sporting organizations have recommended practices to reduce the risk of injury. These practices include screening for injury, having appropriate emergency medical care, and protocols for managing injury before return-to-play. The extent of the uptake of these practices in a developing country such as Uganda, is unknown. Methodology: Using a descriptive case study approach, this investigation focused on a sample of injured athletes (n= 75) in Uganda from four main sports associations (football, athletics, basketball and rugby). The data were collected through observations and interviews after the injury. Using a best medical practice framework the phases of emergency, intermediate, rehabilitative, and return-to-sports participation were described. Result: Nine conditions/types of injury were included. The results revealed a lack of specific pre-season screening or re-turn-to-play readiness for all the injured athletes. Further, there was a lack of application of best practice principles for most of the injury types. For athletes who received medical care, the results show inconsistencies and inadequacies from the acute stage of the injury to return-to-sports participation. Conclusion: This study identified barriers such as up-to-date knowledge among the sports resource providers; the gaps for appropriate and adequate specific facilities for managing injured athletes, and policies to mandate care of injured athletes. These barriers detract from applying best medical practices.
Campus Wellness Facility, Student Contentment and Health
(Recreational Sports Journal, 2020) Makubuya, Timothy; Kell, Yvette; Maro, Cyprian; Wang, Zhankun
Many U.S. college campuses have ways in which users’ lives can be enriched through wellness efforts. Provision of wellness and recreational services through a state of the art or newly renovated recreation and wellness facility is one avenue. The primary goal of this study was to determine the level of campus recreation facility satisfaction and utilization outcomes among student users at a Midwestern U.S. institution. The Recreation Wellness Survey was designed and its items were successfully tested for reliability using Cronbach’s α. Study results revealed that student perceptions of satisfaction in key areas predicted their development of healthy habits and overall satisfaction. The study highlights the necessity of satisfaction with key aspects of campus recreational facilities in the development of utilization outcomes among student users.
Gender-Specific Pathways between Face-to-Face and Cyber Bullying Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Academic Performance among U.S. Adolescents
(Child Indic Res, 2020) Okumu, Moses; Kim, Youn K.; Sanders, Jane E.; Makubuya, Timothy; Small, Eusebius; Hong, Jun S.
This cross-sectional study employed a syndemic framework to investigate the relationships between face-to-face and cyberbullying victimization, depressive symptoms, academic performance, and gender (female and male) in a nationally representative sample of adolescents who completed the United States 2015 Youth Risk Behavior System Survey. Path analysis results showed that both face-to-face and cyberbullying victimization are associated with low academic performance. Further, depressive symptoms may facilitate declining academic performance for both female and male students. After using a syndemic framework to analyze the joint risk presented by bullying victimization and depression, structural equation modeling showed two different pathways for students who experienced both face-to-face and cyberbullying: (1) for female students, depression fully mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and low academic performance; (2) for male students, depression partially mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and low academic performance. These study findings highlight the need for innovative interventions to address bullying victimization, depression, and low academic performance. Specifically, school health educators, counselors, social workers, and school administrators should work together to initiate programs that address the synergistic nature of bullying through gender-sensitive multicomponent interventions, such as concurrently implementing comprehensive screening protocols and a bullying reporting system in their school system.
Nutritional supplement practices of professional Ugandan athletes: a crosssectional study
(Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2017) Muwonge, Haruna; Zavuga, Robert; Kabenge, Peninnah A.; Makubuya, Timothy
The use of nutritional supplements (NS) places athletes at great risk for inadvertent doping. Due to the paucity of data on supplement use, this study aimed to determine the proportion of Ugandan athletes using nutritional supplements and to investigate the athletes’ motivation to use these supplements. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in which an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 359 professional athletes participating in individual (boxing, cycling, athletics) and team (basketball, rugby, football, netball, and volleyball) sports. The data were categorized, and a Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results Of the 359 athletes, 48 (13.4%) used nutritional supplements. Carbohydrate supplements, energy drinks, vitamin and mineral supplements, fish oils, and protein supplements were the most common supplements used by athletes. NS use was significantly more common among athletes who played rugby and basketball (X 2 = 61.101, p < 0.0001), athletes who had played the sport for 5-10 years (X 2 = 7.460, p = 0.024), and athletes who had attained a tertiary education (X 2 = 33.377, p < 0.0001). The athletes’ occupation had no bearing on whether they used supplements. Nutritionists/dieticians, retail stores and pharmacies were the most common sources of NS products, whereas health practitioners, online media and teammates were the most common sources of information regarding NS. Most athletes used NS to improve their physical performance and health. Conclusions Compared to NS use by athletes elsewhere, NS use among Ugandan athletes was low. However, determinants of athlete NS use in the current study (category of sport and duration of time spent playing the sport) are similar to those reported elsewhere.
Professional Development on Digital Literacy and Transformative Teaching in a Low-Income Country : A Case Study of Rural Kenya
(Reading Research Quarterly, 2022) Kerkhoff, Shea N.; Makubuya, Timothy
In recent years, the government of Kenya has implemented programs with the hope of moving the country to middle‐income status. The government has implemented the Digital Literacy Programme, distributing tablets to schools across the country, and also a new curriculum, promoting innovative teaching that includes digital literacy, learner‐centered teaching, and relevance to students’ lives. Our purpose in this research was to explore culturally sustaining teaching methods in line with the Kenyan government’s push for innovative teaching and digital literacy attainment for all students. We used case study methods to describe Kenyan teachers’ perceptions of innovative teaching and digital literacy while participating in the Inquiry Initiative, a three‐day professional development series. Participants included preschool, primary, and secondary teachers from Trans Nzoia County. Data sources were pre‐ and post‐surveys, participant‐generated artifacts, and interviews. Our participants perceived the following needs: new literacies for learners, creativity for learners, collaboration and group work, and creativity to overcome technological challenges. Overall, participants embraced learner‐centered teaching theoretically but found that the lack of technological resources created barriers to teaching digital literacy in a learner‐centered fashion. We found that teachers reported mostly using technology for teaching preparation and record keeping rather than engaging students in digital literacy practices. To solve technological challenges, teachers described having students work in groups and using smartphones. Future research could share more creative solutions to technical challenges in low‐income countries.
Risk Factors of Academic Performance: Experiences of School Violence, School Safety Concerns, and Depression by Gende
(In Child & Youth Care Forum, 2020) Kim, Youn K.; Sanders, Jane E.; Makubuya, Timothy; Yu, Mansoo
Experiencing school violence can have a detrimental effect on learning. However, it is unclear whether different types of school violence have different impacts based on gender. Moreover, there is insufficient understanding of the direct and indirect effects of experiencing school violence on academic performance through perceived school safety concerns and student depression. Objective Drawing on ecological systems theory and adversity literature, this study examined the direct and indirect effects by gender of three forms of experiencing school violence (physical fighting, threats of weapon-related violence, and bullying), through school safety concerns and depression, on adolescent academic performance. Methods Cross-sectional data were drawn from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior System Survey, a national sample of students in grades 9–12. Multigroup path analysis was conducted to test direct and indirect associations and gender differences. Results Fighting, threats, and bullying were significantly associated with higher levels of school safety concerns and depression for students, which led to lower academic performance for both females and males. The majority of the effects, in both direct and indirect associations, were significantly greater among female than male students. Conclusions The results of this study provide important insight into the complex relationships between experiencing school violence, perceptions of school safety, sadness and hopelessness and their relationship to academic performance. Springer
Sleep Duration and BMI Percentile in Adolescents: An Analysis of the 2013 National Youth Risk Behavioral Survey
(MO J Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 2017) Makubuya, Timothy
Sleep is increasingly gaining attention in the research literature for its role in body weight. Sleep deprivation can impact multiple aspects of metaregulation. This study examined the relationship between sleep duration and Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles, a common measure of weight status. Data from the 2013 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) from the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were analyzed for 9th to 12th grade boys and girls. Spearman Rho correlations were calculated on sleep deprivation and BMI percentiles. Significant indirect associations between sleep duration with BMI percentiles were found in high school boys but not girls. Longer sleep duration was associated with lower BMI percentiles in boys. Future research should consider non subjective measures of sleep deficits and disorders. The inclusion of additional YRBS questions targeting more aspects of sleep, such as sleep quality, is recommended.
Strategies to Address the Obesity Epidemic and Unintended Consequences
(Missouri Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 2012) Makubuya, Timothy
With the increasing obesity rates in children, most notably in the recent decades, physical educators, therapists, coaches, trainers, and physicians are all scrambling to combat childhood obesity through exercise and physical activity prescriptions. Yet, with ever-changing environments, professionals find it extremely challenging to moderate what is becoming the world’s most pressing health set back. Involvement in sport, recreation, and physical activities is by far what most exercise specialists would recommend. At the same time there is research pointing out that some practices originally intended to address reduction of childhood obesity rates can actually work in the opposite direction. The unintended consequence can be poor nutrition and decreased physical activity among others. Obesity as it turns out is related to many environmental factors and presents a far more complex challenge for society than often realized. This paper first reviews the economics of obesity and the risks to those who are obese. Then, the shortcomings of some strategies meant to decrease obesity rates are discussed along with the role educators can play in maximizing helpful outcomes and avoiding unintended negative outcomes.
The Effects of Manual Therapy and PRIMFIT Unstable Surface Balance Training on Walking Gait Cycle Post an Acute Grade 3 Inversion Ankle Sprain: A Case Study
(Sports Injr Med: JSIMD, 2018) Poremba, Arie V.; Makubuya, Timothy; Muwonge, Haruna
This case demonstrates the effectiveness of a rehabilitation product and protocol that incorporates manual therapy and unstable surface training. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the effect of a four- week unstable training protocol using PRIMFIT product in conjunction with manual physical therapy on walking gait in a 17- year old, grade 3 ankle sprain with multiple ligament tears. A PRIMFIT protocol was designed and performed bi-weekly under supervision of a physical therapist and also bi-weekly by the patient independently. Patient’s walking gait was tested once a week using an OPTOGAIT System. The patient demonstrated significant clinical and statistical improvement in all gait and time parameters measured by OPTOGAIT system, as well as increased ankle mobility, decreased swelling and markedly decreased pain. For this patient, a combination of manual therapy techniques, PRIMFIT product and rehabilitation Exercises were able to significantly improve and normalize walking gait in addition to eliminating swelling and pain. However, further research is needed with additional cases, especially those with similar or other injuries to develop the efficacy of the PRIMFIT product and protocol.
Wellness Behaviors and Body Mass Index Among U.S. Adolescents: A Comparative Study
(International Journal of Sports Science, 2018) Makubuya, Timothy
Behaviors such as sedentariness, poor nutritional choices and inadequate sleeping put youth at risk of illnesses. Although health and physical education programs are structured to promote the development of various health and physical skills, they are constantly faced with challenges to their continual existence. As such, issues related to body composition ensue and manifest differently across gender and race/ethnicity. This study aimed at examining the relationships between multiple youth risk behaviors and body composition. In addition, gender and racial/ethnic differences between white and black high school students were examined. Bivariate and multivariate examinations of physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles, was followed by a comparison of two data sets of the 2013 YRBS (n= 13, 363) and 2015 YRBS (n= 15, 624). The results revealed an existence of gender differences in relationships between physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep duration and BMI percentiles with significant associations in male high school students but not their female counterparts in both data sets. There were no racial differences in the strength of these relationships between Black or African American and White or Caucasian high school students. These findings corroborate the need for gender based interventions and further analyses based on non-subjective measures of those health-risk behaviors, in order to fully understand the relationships. In addition, family, school and community based interventions to the physical inactivity, poor nutrition and poor sleep habits are warranted, and should encircle strategies from various stakeholders.

Browsing by Author "Makubuya, Timothy"

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