Browsing by Author "MacLeod, Stuart"

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    Alcohol Exposure among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
    (Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2013) Culley, Celia L.; Ramsey, Tasha D.; Mugyenyi, Godfrey; Kiwanuka, Gertrude N.; Ngonzi, Joseph; MacLeod, Stuart; Koren, Gideon; Grunau, Brian E.; Wiens, Matthew O.
    The prevalence of general alcohol use in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is high. However, research examining alcohol use in among pregnant women within this population is limited. A review of the current status of research examining the prevalence of alcohol exposed pregnancies (AEP) is required to inform future research aiming to decrease this occurrence and its subsequent socio-economic complications. Objective The primary objective was to identify all published papers estimating prevalence and risk-factors of alcohol use among pregnant women in SSA. A secondary objective was to determine changes in alcohol use following pregnancy recognition. Methods PubMed/Medline, Embase, IPA, CINAHL were systematically searched using MeSH terms and keywords from inception date to March 2013. Studies from SSA reporting prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women were included. Results Twelve studies were identified. Studies varied significantly according to design and study population. Prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy ranged from 2.2%-87%. The most important risk-factors for alcohol use included tobacco use, partner violence, urban living, and having a male partner who drank alcohol. Only three studies examined changes in alcohol use prior to and following pregnancy recognition with absolute reductions of between 9% and 15%. Conclusions Although the burden of alcohol use during pregnancy is likely a significant problem, limited data currently exist for the majority of SSA countries. Furthermore, significant variation likely exists within various populations. Further research is required to explore alcohol use in pregnancy. Strategies to decrease AEP must be developed and implemented in standard pre-natal care.
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    A Demonstration of Mobile Phone Deployment to Support the Treatment of Acutely ill Children under Five in Bushenyi District, Uganda.
    (African health sciences, 2016) Kabakyenga, Jerome; Barigye, Celestine; Maling, Samuel; Kyomuhangi, Teddy; Tumusiime, David; MacLeod, Stuart
    Benefits of mobile phone deployment for children <5 in low resource settings remain unproven. The target population of the current demonstration study in Bushenyi District, Uganda, presented with acute fever, pneumonia, or diarrhoea and were treated by community health workers (CHWs) providing integrated community case management (iCCM). An observational study was conducted in five parishes (47 villages) served by CHWs well versed in iCCM with supplemental training in mobile phone use. Impact was assessed by quantitative measures and qualitative evaluation through household surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. CHWs in targeted sites improved child healthcare through mobile phone use coupled with iCCM. Of acutely ill children, 92.6% were correctly managed. Significant improvements in clinical outcomes compared to those obtained by CHWs with enhanced iCCM training alone were unproven in this limited demonstration. Nonetheless, qualitative evaluation showed gains in treatment planning, supply management, and logistical efficiency. Provider confidence and communications were enhanced as was ease and accuracy of record keeping.Mobile phones appear synergistic with iCCM to bolster basic supportive care for acutely ill children provided by CHWs. The full impact of expanded mobile phone deployment warrants further evaluation prior to scaling up in low-resource settings.
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    Prevalence of Ethanol Use Among Pregnant Women in Southwestern Uganda
    (Women health journal, 2016) English, Lacey; Mugyenyi, Godfrey R.; Ngonzi, Joseph; Kiwanuka, Gertrude; Nightingale, Ira; Koren, Gideon; MacLeod, Stuart; Grunau, Brian E.; Wiens, Matthew O. ,
    The prevalence of ethanol use in many Sub-Saharan African countries is high and reported to be increasing among women. Some areas of Sub-Saharan African, such as regions of South Africa, have high rates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), but few data exist for other countries. The potential social and economic consequences of alcohol-exposed pregnancies are significant. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of ethanol use among women delivering at a regional hospital in Southwestern Uganda.