Browsing by Author "Lye, Kare A."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    AFLP-based differentiation in north Atlantic species of Carex sect. Phacocystis
    (Nordic Journal of Botany, 2007) Nakamatte, Esther; Lye, Kare A.
    A total of 59 plants from 30 populations of 15 species of Carex sect. Phacocystis (including Carex bicolor as outgroup) from eastern Canada and northern Europe were investigated for genetic differentiation of taxa using AFLP. Seven species were studied with material from both Europe and America, three species were investigated with North American material only and five species with European material only. The neighbour joining analysis (NJ) indicates that Carex bicolor may not belong to section Phacocystis, while all other investigated species clearly belong to this section. The sorting of the species according to NJ and UPGMA is mostly in accordance with accepted taxonomy, but with the exceptions that the American C. bigelowii ssp. bigelowii may be specifically distinct from European C. bigelowii ssp. rigida, and C. stans should perhaps not be considered a subspecies or variety of C. aquatilis, but either as a separate species or as a hybrid between C.aquatilis and C. bigelowii. North American C. aquatilis is heterogenic and may contain more than one species.
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    Antioxidant and anti-plasmodial activity of extracts from three Ugandan medicinal plants
    (Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010) Stangeland, Torunn; Wangensteen, Helle; Katuura, Esther; Lye, Kare A.; Paulsen, Berit S.
    Extracts from three plants; Hallea rubrostipulata, Vernonia adoensis and Zanthoxylum chalybeum, were tested for antioxidant activity using three assays 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) and total phenol content) and anti-plasmodial activity using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) on Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive strain MRA-285 line. The objective of the study was to find candidates for making anti-malarial phytomedicines. The water extract of H. rubrostipulata showed very high anti-plasmodial activity (IC50= 1.95 μg/ml) and high antioxidant activity as well. Thirteen other extracts had high anti-plasmodial activity ranging from 2.14 to 3.63 μg/ml (chloroquine IC50= 8 μg/ml). We found high correlation between the different antioxidant essays
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    The framework tree species approach to conserve medicinal trees in Uganda
    (Agroforestry systems, 2011) Stangeland, Torunn; Tabuti, John; Lye, Kare A.
    Framework species are indigenous tree species planted in a mixed stand to accelerate natural regeneration of forest and encourage biodiversity regeneration. In this study we used the framework species method to make multipurpose tree gardens to provide traditional healers with woody species used for medicine and other needs like food and firewood. We specifically determined the phenology, germination behaviour, survival and growth after planting 19 indigenous and 8 introduced woody species. The species were planted in a mixed stand together at a density of 3125 ha-1. Field performance was assessed by monitoring survival, height and crown width once every month for 13 months after planting. Eleven species (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Calliandra calothyrsus, Callistemon citrinus, Carica papaya, Carissa spinarum, Leucaena leucocephala, Markhamia lutea, Sarcocephalus latifolius, Senna siamea, S. spectabilis and Terminalia schimperiana) proved to be excellent framework species. Eight species qualified as ‘acceptable’ FWS (Albizia coriaria, Ceiba pentranta, Entada abyssinica, Erythrina abyssinica, Eugenia jambos, Ficus sycomorus, Maesopsis eminii and Milicia excelsa), while seven species were ranked as ‘marginally acceptable’ (Acacia macrothyrsa, Calpurnia aurea, Canarium schweinfurthii, Capparis tomentosa, Ficus natalensis, Senna sp. and Warburgia salutaris). Annona squamosa was the only species rejected since both germination and survival was low. Trees with good reforestation traits could be recommended for planting while the species that were marginally acceptable or rejected require extra research since some of them are important medicinal woody species of conservation concern.
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    Patterns of frugivory of the Budongo Forest chimpanzees, Uganda
    (African Journal of Ecology, 2005) Tweheyo, Mnason; Lye, Kare A.
    Frugivory patterns of the chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda were studied between June 2000 and August 2001. Chimpanzee feeding habitats, movement, group size and food eaten were assessed using focal and scan sampling. It was found that fruits were scarce during the dry season, when chimpanzees appeared and moved in large groups over long distances and raided farms at the forest edge. Chimpanzee movement out of the forest to forage was influenced by seasonal fluctuations in availability of preferred foods as some cultivated crops are perennial. Presence of chimpanzees in a specific feeding habitat was related to the availability of edible fruits both within and between months, suggesting that the presence of food may influence chimpanzee movement patterns. Therefore, a good understanding of patterns of frugivory is essential for making informed decisions about conservation of chimpanzees and other frugivores like birds and monkeys in Budongo as different forest habitats are under varying human pressure because of logging and other forms of utilization.