Browsing by Author "Lutakome, Pius"

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    Rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle as inoculum for feed evaluation
    (Animal Nutrition, 2017) Lutakome, Pius; Kabi, Fred; Tibayungwa, Francis; Laswai, Germana H.; Kimambo, Abiliza; Ebong, Cyprian
    Use of nonlinear mathematical models has been majorly based on in vitro gas production (GP) data generated when substrates are incubated with rumen liquor from fistulated steers. However, existing evidence suggests that rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history also generates quantifiable in vitro GP data. Fitting and description of GP data obtained from4 diets incubated with rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle was evaluated using single-pool exponential model with discrete lag time (EXPL), logistic (LOG), Groot's (GRTS) and Gompertz (GOMP) models. Diets were formulated by varying proportions of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay and a concentrate mixed on dry matter basis to be: 1,000 g/kg Rhodes grass hay (RGH) and 0 of the concentrate (D1), 900 g/kg RGH and 100 g/kg concentrate (D2), 800 g/kg RGH and 200 g/kg concentrate (D3), 700 g/kg RGH and 300 g/kg concentrate (D4). Dietary kinetics for the modelswere determined by measuringGP at 2, 4, 8,10,18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h.Model comparisonwas based on derived GP kinetics, graphical analysis of observed versus predicted GP profiles plus residual distribution and goodness-of-fit from analysis of root mean square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj-R2) and Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Asymptotic GP, half-life and fractional rate of GP differed (P < 0.001) among the 4 models. The RMSE, Adj-R2 and AIC ranged from 1.555 to 4.429, 0.906 to 0.984 and 2.452 to 15.874, respectively, for all diets compared across the 4 models. Based on the goodness-of-fit statistical criterion, GP profiles of D1 were more appropriately fitted and described by GRTS and GOMP than the EXPL and LOG models. The GRTS model had the lowest AIC value forD2 (2.452).Although GRTS model had the most homogenous residual dispersion for the 4 diets, all the 4 models exhibited a sigmoidal behavior. Therefore, rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history can be used to derive nutritionally important feed parameters, but choice of the most appropriate model should be made based on fitting criteria and dietary substrates incubated.
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    Strengthening capacity of Ugandan veterinarians: Report from a training for “Pig Herd Health Champions” at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2-13 March 2020
    (International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 2020) Dione, Michel; Magnusson, Ulf; Jacobson, Magdalena; Lutakome, Pius
    In the past, the pig health research agenda of the smallholder pig value chain in Uganda has focused on single infectious diseases, which have been looked at separately. This has generated a lot of useful information that helped characterize the pig health status (Dione et al., 2014; Ouma et al., 2015; Dione et al., 2016; Roesel et al., 2017; Dione et al., 2018). However, the link of health issues to the wider herd” ecosystem” has been missing. For example, the importance of feeding strategies, co-infection, and reproductive management is not fully acknowledged. Herd Health Management (HHM) is a method to optimize health, welfare, and production in a herd. Pigs are within a delicate “ecosystem” which needs to be analyzed when managing a herd. In the HHM, one doesn’t focus on a single infectious disease, but rather on general farm conditions such as feed strategies, biosecurity, general health, reproductive management, husbandry, and management skills. The whole need to ensure sustainable production to maximize profit (Figure 1). However, some externalities such as greenhouse gas emissions, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and animal welfare need to be addressed to ensure that the production system remains sustainable and resource-efficient into the future.