NRU :: Browsing by Author "Lule, Peter"

Browsing by Author "Lule, Peter"

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African swine fever control and market integration in Ugandan peri-urban smallholder pig value chains: An ex-ante impact assessment of interventions and their interaction
(Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2018) Ouma, Emily; Dione, Michel; Birungi, Rosemirta; Lule, Peter; Mayega, Lawrence; Dizyee, Kanar
Pig production in peri-urban smallholder value chains in Uganda is severely constrained by impact of disease, particularly African swine fever (ASF), and the economic consequences of an inefficient pig value chain. Interventions in the form of biosecurity to control ASF disease outbreaks and pig business hub models to better link smallholder farmers to pig markets have the potential to address the constraints. However, there is a dearth of evidence of the effects of the interventions on performance and distribution of outcomes along the pig value chain. An ex-ante impact assessment utilising System Dynamics model was used to assess the impact of the interventions in peri-urban pig value chains in Masaka district. The results showed that although implementation of biosecurity interventions results in reduction of ASF outbreaks, it also leads to a 6.3% reduction in farmer profit margins per year but more than 7% increase in other value chain actors’ margins. The pig business hub intervention alone results in positive margins for all value chain actors but minimal reduction in ASF outbreaks. When biosecurity and the pig business hub interventions are implemented together, the interaction effects of the interventions result in positive outcomes for both the control of ASF and improvement in farmers’ margins. Farmers may therefore be unwilling to adopt biosecurity practices if implemented alone to control ASF outbreaks unless there is a corresponding financial incentive to compensate for the high costs. This has implications for policy or developing institutions to facilitate cost sharing arrangement among chain actors and/or third party subsidy to provide incentives for producers to adopt biosecurity measures.
Characterization of smallholder pig production systems in Uganda: constraints and opportunities for engaging with market systems
(African Association of Agricultural Economics, 2013) Ouma, Emily; Dione, Michel; Lule, Peter; Rosel, Kristina; Pezo, Danilo
Pig production has increasingly become an important activity, especially among smallholder farmers in Uganda in the past three decades as evidenced by a dramatic rise in pig population from 0.19 to 3.2 million. This is linked to the rise in demand for pork due to preference changes among other factors. Per capita consumption of pork has been estimated at 3.4 kg/person/year representing a ten-fold increase in the last 30 years. Pigs are important assets for the poor smallholders in Uganda generating income for meeting planned and emergency household financial needs. Despite its importance, the smallholder pig systems are faced with a number of productivity and market related constraints ranging from diseases, poor nutrition and poorly organized markets. Strong growth opportunities to improve smallholder pig systems exist if the constraints are minimized. However the constraints and opportunities vary among smallholder producers as they are not a homogenous group and are affected by various factors. This paper applies a cluster analysis to characterize smallholder pig production systems into typologies in three districts in Uganda by utilizing village level data from 35 villages. The paper further explores the constraints and opportunities for the different typologies to engage with output and input market systems. The paper concludes that different interventions are necessary to improve market linkages with the smallholder pig production systems due to their varying differences in terms of farmers’ cooperative involvement, institutional linkages and intensification related indicators.
Farmer Training on Sweetpotato Silage Making in Masaka District
(International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 2015) Kabirizi, Jolly M.L.; Lule, Peter; Mabuya, Julius; Kigongo, John
I. Introduction CHAIN UGANDA was sub-contracted by CIP to implement the project “Expanding utilization of RTB and reducing their post-harvest losses in Masaka district”. During the process of implementing the above project, CHAIN UGANDA entered into an agreement with CIP where CHAIN agreed to perform some activities. One of the deliverable was to conduct training on sweetpotato silage making in the two pilot sub-counties (Nyendo Senyange & Buwunga). As a way of achieving this, CHAIN UGANDA in collaboration with NaLIRRI, CIP and ILRI conducted two workshops, one in each of the sub-counties. The major objective of the workshop was to equip farmers with the knowledge of sweet potato silage making.
Field report on the Participatory Training of smallholder pig farmers on biosecurity measures for the control of African swine fever (ASF) in Masaka and Lira districts of Uganda
(International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 2015) Dione, Michel M.; Lule, Peter; Opio, Felix
African swine fever (ASF) is among the major production constraints for smallholder pig farmers in Uganda (Atuhaire et al., 2013, Dione et al., 2014). There is no vaccine or treatment for the disease. The only control measure is implementation of biosecurity along the pig value chain. However, adoption and implementation of biosecurity measures is challenging in the current context of pig production, because of the nature of the production systems which are characterized by poor housing, husbandry practices and hygiene during pig handling and slaughtering process. Low level of knowledge and awareness of value chain actors about the ways to control the disease is also a big constraint (Dione et al., 2014) . Following an ASF outbreak, farmers operate “panic sales” and slaughters in order to avoid financial losses attributed the death of the pigs. Such practices contribute to the spread of the diseases within and outside their community. However, farmers complain about lack of knowledge about pig management and biosecurity (Dione et al., 2014);yet implementation of proper biosecurity measures requires farmers to be well equipped with a minimum package of knowledge on how to apply these measures. In order to address this knowledge gaps, ILRI and partners developed a training of trainers (ToT) manual on biosecurity for the control and prevention of ASF, which module is tailored to smallholder pig keepers in Uganda. To test the efficiency of this tool, a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) was designed in two districts namely Masaka and Lira. A second version of the training manual was established to meet the training requirements. The later version was in a form of Participatory Training (PT) module. It is in this context that the pig farmers in villages of Masaka and Lira were trained using a PT tool. This report highlights observations and discussions with farmers of the treatment groups during the training sessions.
Gendered perceptions of biosecurity and the gender division of labor in pig farming in Uganda
(Journal of Gender, Agriculture and Food Security, 2020) Dioney, Michel; Ochago, Robert; Birungi, Rosemirta; Ouma, Emily; Lule, Peter; Kakinda, Mary Jo; Nyapendi, Robinah; Birungi, Rosemirta; Pyburnx, Rhiannon
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious and lethal transboundary swine disease, which has devastating effects on the industry, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Given the absence of a vaccine or effective treatment, on-farm biosecurity measures are the only means of controlling it. Women and men are both involved in pig farming but the implications of the gender division of labor in relation to ASF biosecurity measures have, until now, been unexplored. We use the Gender Dimension Framework to investigate the gender division of labor in pig farming, as well as gendered perceptions of biosecurity. Findings include that typical gender roles and the perceptions of men and women towards biosecurity undermine effective implementation of biosecurity measures. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the gendered dimension of ASF control. This knowledge will serve to improve ASF control measures and support better management of the disease, both during outbreaks and to effectively prevent them.
Guideline for participatory training on African swine fever control for smallholder pig farmers in Uganda
(ILRI Manual, 2018) Dione, Michel M.; Ochago, Robert; Lule, Peter; Mayega, Lawrence
African swine fever (ASF) is among the major production constraints for smallholder pig farmers in Uganda (Atuhaire et al. 2013; Dione et al. 2014). There is no vaccine or treatment for the disease. The only way to control the disease is proper application of biosecurity along the pig value chain. However, adoption and implementation of biosecurity measures is challenging in the context of the smallholder pig production, because of the nature of the production systems which is characterized by poor housing and husbandry practices; poor hygiene during slaughtering and pork handling; and low level of knowledge and awareness of value chain actors about the disease. Also there is lack of incentive and capacities of value chain actors for reporting outbreaks of ASF to authorities, as well as observing movement control during outbreak seasons (Dione et al. 2014). Hence, farmers operate ‘panic sales’ and slaughters to avoid financial losses attributed to the death of the pigs, with most farmers ignoring the implication of such practice in spreading the disease. Proper application of biosecurity measures require that farmers be well equipped with knowledge of their principles, when and how to apply them and why? To address this gap in knowledge, ILRI and partners developed a training guide for smallholder farmers on biosecurity and control of ASF. This guide will be delivered through participatory training. Here, the authors are describing the process for an effective training of farmers using participatory training methods, step by step.
A market scoping study for porcine cysticercosis vaccine calls for a one-health approach to sustain the control of the disease in Uganda
(International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 2019) Dione, Michel; Adeniyi Samuel, Adediran; Colston, Angie; Ouma, Emily; Lule, Peter; Grace, Delia
Pig health is a critical issue in modern Uganda. Not only does the country have the largest pig population in East Africa, it also has the most rapidly growing pig population in sub-Saharan Africa and the highest per capita pork consumption in Eastern Africa (FAOSTAT, 2010). Porcine cysticercosis (PC) is a disease of pigs caused by larval cysts of the human T. solium tapeworm. Pigs are infected when they eat tapeworm eggs shed in the faeces of a human tapeworm carrier. Humans are infected when they eat tissues from pigs that contain larvae (cysticerci). These larvae establish as tapeworms in the human gut and shed eggs in human faeces. However, if humans ingest tapeworm eggs in contaminated food or water, these can establish as cysts in the brain, eye or other tissues and these can have serious consequences such as epilepsy.
Participatory assessment of animal health and husbandry practices in smallholder pig production systems in three high poverty districts in Uganda
(Preventive veterinary medicine, 2014) Dione, Michel M.; Ouma, Emily A.; Roesel, Kristina; Kungu, Joseph; Lule, Peter; Pezo, Danilo
While animal health constraints have been identified as a major limiting factor in small-holder pig production in Uganda, researchers and policy makers lack information on the relative incidence of diseases and their impacts on pig production. This study aimed to assess animal health and management practices, constraints and opportunities for intervention in smallholder pig value chains in three high poverty districts of Uganda.Semi-qualitative interview checklists through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were administered to 340 pig farmers in 35 villages in Masaka, Kamuli and Mukono districts.Quantitative data was obtained during the exercise through group consensus. Results of FGDs were further triangulated with secondary data and information obtained from key informant interviews. Findings show that pig keeping systems are dominated by tethering and scavenging in rural areas. In peri-urban and urban areas, intensive production systems are more practiced, with pigs confined in pens. The main constraints identified by farmers include high disease burden such as African swine fever (ASF) and parasites, poor hous-ing and feeding practices, poor veterinary services, ineffective drugs and a general lack of knowledge on piggery management. According to farmers, ASF is the primary cause of pig mortality with epidemics occurring mainly during the dry season. Worms and ectopara-sites namely; mange, lice and flies are endemic leading to stunted growth which reduces the market value of pigs. Diarrhoea and malnutrition are common in piglets. Ninety-three percent of farmers say they practice deworming, 37% practice ecto parasite spraying and 77%castrate their boars. Indigenous curative treatments include the application of human urine and concoctions of local herbs for ASF control and use of old engine oil or tobacco extractst o control ectoparasites. There is a need for better technical services to assist farmers with these problems.
Smallholder pig value-chain assessment in Uganda: Results from producer focus group discussions and key informant interviews
(ILRI Project Report, 2015) Ouma, Emily; Dione, Michel; Lule, Peter; Pezo, Danilo; Marshall, Karen; Roesel, Kristina; Mayega, Lawrence; Kiryabwire, David; Nadiope, Gideon; Jagwe, John
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish identified the smallholder pig value chain in Uganda as a highpotential target to translate research into major interventions that stimulate pro-poor transformation and generate benefits at scale. The program began by engaging with research and development partners, analysing the pig value chain and its policy environment as well as characterizing smallholder pig production and marketing practices in Uganda. These activities were done as part of a project entitled ‘Catalysing the emerging smallholder pig value chains in Uganda to increase rural incomes and assets’, which was funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the European Commission (EC).

Browsing by Author "Lule, Peter"

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