Browsing by Author "Kyotalimye, Miriam"

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    East African Agriculture and Climate Change
    (International Food Policy Research Institute, 2013) Waithaka, Michael; Nelson, Gerald C.; Thomas, Timothy S.; Kyotalimye, Miriam
    Agriculture accounts for 43 percent of the surveyed nations’ annual gross domestic product (GDP), on average, although the precise proportions vary considerably from country to country. For example, agriculture in Burundi, DRC, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Tanzania accounts for more than 50 percent of GDP while in Eritrea, Kenya, and Madagascar it accounts for less than 30 percent. Kenya’s low percentage is due to structural transformation toward a less agriculture-based economy. Despite these differences, farming in all the surveyed nations is dominated by smallholders reliant on rainfall. These farmers face the challenges of land degradation, poor soil fertility management, and continuous cropping. Sluggish growth in agricultural productivity translates into slow overall growth and generally low per capita income levels. Meanwhile, population growth in these 10 East African countries is among the highest in the world, which threatens to worsen already severe food insecurity.
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    East African Agriculture and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis — Uganda
    (International Food Policy Research Institute, 2012) Bashaasha, Bernard; Thomas, Timothy S.; Waithaka, Michael; Kyotalimye, Miriam
    Uganda occupies a total area of 241,038 square km, most of which is suitable for agriculture. Sixteen percent of the total area is water and swamps, while 7 percent is forested. Maize, beans, cassava, and banana (plantain) are the most widely grown crops. Uganda’s climate is regarded as its most valuable natural resource, one central to the livelihoods of many Ugandans. However, the last few decades have been marked by climate variability that has given rise to more frequent extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and landslides, damaging natural resources and hindering social and economic development. The country’s population grew by 3.7 percent between 2009 and 2010 (to a total of 32 million people). The population is expected to reach 103.2 million in 2050, assuming growth declines to 2.9 percent per annum between 2040 and 2050. The population remains predominantly rural (85 percent in 2010). At 50 years, life expectancy remains low. Malaria is the most prevalent fatal illness. The poverty rate is down from 31 percent in 2006 but, at 24.5 percent, remains high.
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    Impact Evaluation and Returns to Investment of the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) Program of Uganda
    (International Food Policy Research Institute, 2008) Benin, Samuel; Nkonya, Ephraim; Okecho, Geresom; Randriamamonjy, Josee; Kato, Edward; Lubade, Geofrey; Kyotalimye, Miriam; Byekwaso, Francis
    Uganda has for a long period of time experienced strong economic growth. In the 1990s, gross domestic product grew steadily by more than 6% per annum from a low rate of 3 percent in the 1980s, and the proportion of the population living under the poverty line declined from 56.4 percent in 1992 to 31.1 percent in 2006. This remarkable turnaround from the depression associated with the political turmoil and economic mismanagement of the 1970‘s until the mid-1980s has been achieved through sound policies linked to investments and economic liberalization undertaken by the Government of Uganda (GOU) with support from the donor community. Despite the substantial progress made, several challenges remain in sustaining the momentum by way of increasing productivity, ensuring sustainable use of natural resources, and reducing poverty, hunger and human disease. Recognizing the importance of a multi-sectoral approach to accelerating growth and reducing mass poverty, the Government of Uganda has since 2000 been implementing the Plan for Modernization of Agriculture (PMA) as a key policy initiative aimed at reducing mass poverty to a level below 28 percent by 2014. The PMA, which is situated within the country‘s vision of Prosperity for All and is supported by the broader Rural Development Strategy, has an ambitious agenda of policy and institutional reform across seven pillars, a key one of which is improving delivery of agricultural extension through the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) program. Since its inception in 2001, NAADS has devised an innovative extension service delivery approach, that targets the development and use of farmer institutions and in the process empowers them to procure advisory services, manage linkage with marketing partners and conduct demand-driven monitoring and evaluation of the advisory services and their impacts. NAADS was initiated in 2001 in six districts (Arua, Kabale, Kibaale, Mukono, Soroti and Tororo), within which the NAADS program began working in 24 sub-counties. By end of 2006/07 financial year, the program had been extended to 545 sub-counties (about 83.1 percent of the total sub-counties), and is expected to cover the entire country by end of the financial year 2007/08, ending the first phase (Phase I) of the program. By the end of the 2006/07 financial year also, UGX 110 billion (in 2000 value terms) had been spent on the program.
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    Impact of Uganda’s National Agricultural Advisory Services Program
    (International Food Policy Research Institute, 2011) Benin, Samuel; Nkonya, Ephraim; Okecho, Geresom; Randriamamonjy, Josée; Kato, Edward; Lubadde, Geofrey; Kyotalimye, Miriam; Byekwaso, Francis
    The importance of agricultural extension in agricultural and rural development is widely known, so it is not surprising that agricultural extension has attracted substantial investment of public resources since t he 1950s, when national agricultural advisory services began t o be formally established by government s, and has strongly returned to the international development agenda (World Bank 2007a). Due to competing uses of public resources for promoting overall growth and equitable distribution, however, careful reflection of the impacts of and returns to public spending in agricultural advisory services is necessary. This is the aim of this study, which focuses on t he NAADS program in Uganda that has been implemented since 2001. The NAADS program, which is a key strategy for implementing t he government ’ s poverty reduction and national development plan, was conceived as a move away from t he t op-down approach that is publicly funded, with services provided by public agents, to a demand-driven approach that is still largely publicly funded but wit h services provided by the private sector. The program targets the development and use of farmer institutions and in the process seeks to empower them t o procure enterprise-based advisory services, manage linkages wit h marketing partners, and conduct monitoring and evaluation of the advisory services they receive from the private sector (Uganda, NAADS Secretariat 2001). By end of the 2006–07 financial year, the period of the analysis in this study, about UGX 110 billion (in 2000 UGX) had been spent on the program, which had been extended t o 545 sub counties (about 83.1 percent of the total sub counties in Uganda at the time) from the initial 24 sub counties in six district s where it had been launched. Furthermore, about 1,622 contracts with private-sector service providers had been signed, more than 40 enterprises had been promoted, and about 40,000 farmer groups and 716,000 farmers (representing about 20 percent of the national farming households) had received services from the program
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    Returns to spending on agricultural extension: the case of the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) program of Uganda
    (Agricultural economics, 2011) Benin, Samuel; Nkonya, Ephraim; Okecho, Geresom; Randriamamonjy, Jose´e; Kato, Edward; Lubade, Geofrey; Kyotalimye, Miriam
    The aim of this paper is to assess the direct and indirect impacts of the agricultural extension system of Uganda, the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) program, on household agricultural income. Data from two rounds of surveys of Ugandan rural farm-households conducted in 2004 and 2007, as well as different program evaluation methods and model specifications, are used to estimate impacts and compute a rate of return. The direct and indirect impact of the program is estimated at 37–95% and 27–55% increase in per capita agricultural gross revenue between 2004 and 2007 for households participating directly and indirectly in the program, respectively, compared to nonparticipants. The rate of return on the program’s expenditures is estimated at 8–49%. The program has been relatively more effective among male-headed, larger, and asset-poor households, as well as those taking up noncrop high-value enterprises and living further away from financial services, all-weather roads, and markets or located in the Eastern and Northern Regions. Policy implications of the results are drawn.