Browsing by Author "Kyambadde, Joseph"

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    Anti-Paraflagellar Rodc Antibodies Inhibit the In-Vitro Growth of Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei
    (American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2018) Mukisa, Ambrose; Aguttu, Claire; Lubega, George W.; Kyambadde, Joseph; Alibu, Vincent P.; Vuzi, Peter C.
    Paraflagellar rod (PFR), a conserved structure expressed in all lifecycle stages of the order kinetoplasida except in the amastigotes is vital for the parasites survival. In T.b.brucei, the PFR protein has two major components, PFRc and PFRa with molecular mass 73kDa and 68kDa respectively. Experimental evidences implicate the PFR protein as a highly immunogenic and protective antigen. However, its immunogenic properties underlying its suitability as vaccine candidate has not been adequately investigated in-vitro. This study aimed to demonstrate the growth inhibitory potential of PFR protein against T.b.brucei parasites in–vitro. Antibodies against a recombinant form of the PFRc protein were produced and used to generate immune response. A deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) segment of approximate 672bp encoding the PFRc protein component was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and expressed in E.coli (BL21) cells. A 200 μg portion of the purified PFRc protein mixed with 100μl Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used to immunize rabbits. An antibody titre of 2.5 x 104 reciprocal dilutions was obtained following three immunisation boosts, spaced two weeks apart. Western blot analysis showed that rabbit anti-PFRc antibodies recognised specifically a 25kDa protein corresponding to the estimated size of the expressed PFRc protein. 25% of purified anti-rabbit IgG antibodies were able to inhibit ~70% T.b.brucei parasite in vitro
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    Biological Treatment of Meat Processing Wastewater Using Lab-Scale Anaerobic-Aerobic/Anoxic Sequencing Batch Reactors Operated in Series
    (Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation, 2016) Nzioka Mutua, David; Mwaniki Njagi, Eliud N.; Orinda, George; Obondi, Geoffry; Kansiime, Frank; Kyambadde, Joseph; Omara, John; Odong, Robinson; Butungi, Hellen
    In the eastern Africa sub-region, many industries discharge untreated effluents to nearby water resources, thereby polluting the environment. This is because the technologies applicable for wastewater treatment are expensive for these small-medium sized companies with low profit margins. Slaughterhouses belong to this category of industrial setup. The objective of this study was to investigate treatment of meat processing wastewater using anaerobic– aerobic/anoxic Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) operated in series. Reactors were operated for one year using meat processing wastewater. Hydraulic retention time was 2 days for the anaerobic SBR, and 1 day for the aerobic/ anoxic SBR while the organic loading was 12.8 kg COD/m3/day. In the anaerobic SBR, removal efficiencies for total and soluble chemical oxygen demand (TCOD and SCOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity were 79, 76, 79, and 70%, respectively, with effluent mean concentrations of 3554 ± 58 mg/L, 762 ± 3 mg/L, 2307 ± 21, and 2800 ± 9 FAU. Conductivity, ammonia-nitrogen, ortho-phosphates and total phosphorus concentrations increased by 38, 80, 81 and 71%. Pollutant removal efficiencies in the aerobic/anoxic SBR were 98, 96, 97, 89, 74, 97, 91, 90, and 86% for TCOD, SCOD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +–N), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphorus (o-PO4 3-–P), and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. Except TKN (35 ± 4 mg/L) and o-PO4 3-–P (8 ± 1 mg/L), all other parameters in the aerobically treated effluent met national discharge standards. Thus, abattoir effluent can be treated using anaerobic–aerobic/anoxic SBR system.
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    Impact of Wastewater Effluents from a Sugar Industry and a Molasses Based Distillery on Water Quality of River Musamya in Lugazi, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2013) Karibwije Turinayo, Yonah; Kyambadde, Joseph; Odong, Robinson
    The sugar industry in Uganda and East Africa is of economic importance in terms of employment opportunities, government revenue, and sugar production for export and domestic consumption. However, there is a problem of environmental pollution due to its wastewater disposal without proper treatment. Sugar Corporation of Uganda Ltd (SCOUL) is one of the major sugar industries in Uganda milling over 1,583 tons of sugar cane per day and generating over 1000m3 of wastewater per day. Wastewater disposed by SCOUL is in septic conditions and causes serious pollution to the nearby river water source. However, there is little information regarding ecological studies to examine water quality of river Musamya after receiving effluents from SCOUL. This study therefore assessed the impact of wastewater effluents from SCOUL on the water quality of River Musamya so that environmental pollution mitigation measures can be put in place. Physicochemical characteristics of wastewater from SCOUL and water from River Musamya at the point of discharge, upstream and downstream of the river were determined using standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Impact of wastewater from SCOUL on River Musamya was evaluated and results showed that pollutant concentration in effluent from SCOUL were above permissible discharge limits by NEMA. River Musamya received 2,523±728 m3/day of wastewater
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    The potential of four tropical wetland plants for the treatment of abattoir effluent
    (International journal of environmental technology and management, 2013) Odong, Robinson; Kansiime, Frank; Omara, John; Kyambadde, Joseph
    We investigated morphological characteristics and treatment potential of Cyperus papyrus, Typha domingensis, Miscanthidium violaceum, and Phragmites mauritianus receiving slaughterhouse wastewater in Kampala, Uganda, in experimental mesocosms. Unplanted mesocosms acted as controls. All planted mesocosms achieved significantly higher removals for nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter than unplanted mesocosms. Among macrophytes, C. papyrus depicted highest pollutant uptake. The umbel of C. papyrus had the highest concentration of phosphorus (3.9 mg/g dry weight); while nitrogen concentration was highest in P. mauritianus shoot tissue (39.70 mg/g dry weight). Plants provided the necessary conditions that aided the removal of nutrients and organics through physical and biochemical processes. C. papyrus attained the highest biomass (31.0 kg dry weight/m2), compared to T. domingensis (7.5 kg dry weight/m2), P. mauritianus (7.2 kg dry weight/m2) and M. violaceum (5.0 kg dry weight/m2). C. papyrus had the largest total root surface area (200,634 cm2) in experimental mesocosms measuring 960 cm2.
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    Spectroscopic Analysis of Heterogeneous Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production from Expired Sunflower Cooking Oil
    (Journal of Spectroscopy, 2015) Wembabazi, Enoch; Mugisha, Patrick Joram; Ratibu, Asumani; Wendiro, Deborah; Kyambadde, Joseph; Vuzi, Peter California
    The study characterized heterogeneous biocatalyst synthesized from sucrose, saw dust, and chicken egg shells using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) technique. Acidic sulphonate (–SO3H) groups were more visible in the spectrum generated for carbonized and sulphonated sucrose than in carbonized and sulphonated saw dust. This was highlighted further by the significantly higher conversion percentage achieved for sulphonated sucrose (62.5%) than sulphonated saw dust (46.6%) during esterification of expired sunflower oil (𝑝 = 0.05). The spectra for calcinated egg shells also showed that the most active form of calcium oxide was produced at calcination temperature of 1000∘C. This was confirmed in the single-step transesterification reaction in which calcium oxide generated at 1000∘C yielded the highest biodiesel (87.8%) from expired sunflower oil.The study further demonstrated the versatility of the FTIR technique in qualitative analysis of biodiesel and regular diesel by confirming the presence of specific characteristic peaks of diagnostic importance. These findings therefore highlight the potential of FTIR-ATR as an inexpensive, fast, and accurate diagnostic means for easy identification and characterization of different materials and products.
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    Tertiary treatment of abattoir wastewater in a horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetland under tropical conditions
    (International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2015) Odong, Robinson; Kansiime, Frank; Omara, John; Kyambadde, Joseph
    A horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) system planted with Cyperus papyrus was used to polish abattoir wastewater pre-treated in anaerobic and aerobic sequencing batch reactors at City Abattoir, Kampala. The HSSF-CW was 13 m long, 5 m wide, and was filled with gravel up to a depth of 0.6 m, of which 0.55 m was saturated with wastewater at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.16 days. The percentage removals for turbidity, ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate (o-PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and faecal coliform were 76, 48, 46, 74, 63, 60, and 100, respectively. Among different plant tissues investigated (roots, culm, sheath and umbel), nitrogen concentration was highest in the sheath. The different parts of plants also had different concentrations of phosphorus, with the culm having the highest concentration. Compared to literature, the percentage removals for organic