NRU :: Browsing by Author "Kirimuhuzya, Claude"

Browsing by Author "Kirimuhuzya, Claude"

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The anti-mycobacterial activity of Lantana camara a plant traditionally used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis in South-western Uganda
(African health sciences, 2009) Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Waako, Paul; Joloba, Moses; Odyek, Olwa
Tuberculosis continues to be a devastating public health problem. Many communities in Uganda use medicinal plants to treat various infections, including respiratory tract infections. There are claims that some can treat tuberculosis. Verifying some of these claims could lead to discovery of lead compounds for development of a TB drug. Methods: Chloroform and methanol extracts of L. camara collected from South-western Uganda were screened against three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the agar-well diffusion method. H37Rv, the rifampicin-resistant TMC-331 and a non-resistant wild strain (28-25271). The MIC and MBC were determined using the Agar dilution method on Middle brook 7H11. Results: The methanol extract showed the highest activity against all the three strains used, with zones of inhibition of 18.0-22.5 mm and MIC values of 20 μg/ml for H37Rv and 15 μg/ml for both TMC-331 and wild stain. The values for rifampicin were 1.0 μg/ml for both H37Rv and wild strain but rifampicin hardly showed any activity on TMC-331. The MBC value for the methanol extract of L. camara was 30μg/ml for the H37Rv, and 20μg/ml for both the TMC-331 and wild strains of M. tuberculosis. The MBC for rifampicin was 2.0μg/ml for both H37Rv and the wild strain.
Anti-Mycobacterial and Toxicity Activities of Some Priority Medicinal Plants from Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania
(European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2012) Magadula, Joseph J.; Otieno, Joseph N.; Nondo, Ramadhani S.; Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Kadukuli, E.; Orodho, John A.; Okemo, Paul
This study has evaluated ethanol extracts from five medicinal plants selected through ethnobotanical study from Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity against two Mycobacterium species and cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae. Study Design: Laboratory experimental tests. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between July 2010 and July 2011. Methodology: Five medicinal plants were selected from the priority list obtained from Lake Victoria basin, Tanzanian side. Collection, processing and drying of plant samples were done in the field with the assistance of a botanist while extraction and concentration of plant samples to obtain crude extracts were done in the laboratory following standard procedures. The plants included in this study are Antidesma membranaceum, Crassocephalum manii, Entada abyssinica, Croton dichogamus and Rubia cordifolia. The two fold microdilution method was used to determine the MIC values of extracts against Research Article European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(2): 125-131, 2012 126 two Mycobacterium marker strains (Mycobacterium indicus pranii and Mycobacterium madagascariense). The cytotoxicity of plant extract was evaluated against brine shrimp larvae. Furthermore, the extracts were screened phytochemicaly to establish the group of compounds responsible for the activity.
Efficacy of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root extract on slow-growing rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012) Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Bunalema, Lydia; Waako, Paul; Tabuti, John R. S.; John, Orodho; Magadula Jangu, Joseph; Otieno, Nicholas; Okemo, Paul
We report here, the results from total crude methanol extract as well as serial ether, chloroform, and methanol extracts of the root of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl) Schltr that were screened against three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The strains used included the pan sensitive H37Rv, the rifampicin-resistant TMC-331 and a wild strain of Mycobacetrium avium (MA) isolated from a Ugandan patient. The disc diffusion method was used for susceptibility tests on solid Middle brook 7H10 while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the microtitre plate method using Middle brook 7H9 broth. We report that the total crude methanol extract showed the highest activity against H37Rv and TM-331 with complete clearance of quadrants at 50 mg/ml and zones of inhibition of 10.0 to 11 mm at 25 mg/ml concentration although it was not effective against M. avium. The corresponding MIC values were 1.17 mg/ml for H37Rv and 1.56 mg/ml for TMC-331. The values for isoniazid were 0.25 and 9.38 μg/ml for H37Rv and TMC-331, respectively, while for rifampicin the MIC value was 0.25 μg/ml for H37Rv but it was not active on TMC- 331. Acute toxicity test gave an LD50 of 758.5 mg/kg body weight while the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids.
Factors that influenced access and utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services among Ugandan youths during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: An online cross-sectional survey
(Research Square, 2021) Binezero Mambo, Simon; Sikakulya, Franck K.; Ssebuufu, Robinson; Mulumba, Yusuf; Wasswa, Henry; Thompson, Kelly; Rusatira, Jean Christophe; Bhondoekhan, Fiona; Kamyuka, Louis K.; Olabisi Akib, Surat; Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Nakawesi, Jane; Kyamanywa, Patrick
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health care access in many countries. The aim of this study was to explore factors that influenced access and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among Ugandan youths during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods This was across-sectional study carried out from April 2020 to May 2020 in Uganda. A questionnaire was administered online to participants aged 18 to 30 years. Subjects were recruited using a snowballing approach. STATA version 14.2 was used for statistical analysis.
The in vitro antimycobacterial activity of medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) to treat tuberculosis in the Lake Victoria basin in Uganda
(Chest, 2011) Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Bunalema, Lydia; Tabuti, John R.S.; Kakudidi K., Esezah; Orodho, John; Magadula Jangu, Joseph; Otieno, Nicholas; Paul, Okemo
Local Management of Tuberculosis by Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Lake Victoria Region
(The Open Complementary Medicine Journal, 2011) Orodho, John A.; Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Otieno, Joseph N.; Magadula, Joseph J.; Okemo, Paul
Tuberculosis (TB) is now a global public health problem that has been exacerbated by the emergence of multiand extensively-drug resistant (MDR and XDR, respectively) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There have been claims in the region by Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) about being able to treat the symptoms of TB, but their work lacked proper documentation. A structured questionnaire was used to test the ability of (TMPs) to diagnose and treat symptoms of TB; the medicinal plants used treat TB symptoms, as well as the influence of socio-economic and cultural factors on the indigenous communities’ choice of treatment. A total of 99 TMPs and 22 TB patients were interviewed. Over 30 medicinal plants were mentioned as being used to treat symptoms of TB, an indication of wide knowledge on management of TB in the region. Treatment costs were found to influence the patients’ choice of TB treatment and a large proportion of the TMPs were found to be of advanced age (60-80 years of age). The conclusion was that TMPs have reasonable knowledge about TB and its management. There is urgent need to tap the indigenous knowledge from the custodians and scientifically validate it for future drug development.
Malnutrition amongst HIV adult patients in selected hospitals of Bushenyi district in southwestern Uganda
(Afri Health Sci, 2020) Odwee, Ambrose; Kasozi, Keneth Iceland; Acup, Christine Amongi; Kyamanywa, Patrick; Ssebuufu, Robinson; Obura, Richard; Agaba, Jude B.; Makeri, Danladi; Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Sasirabo, Olivia; Bamaiyi, Pwaveno H.
Malnutrition is an important clinical outcome amongst HIV patients in developing countries and in Uganda, there is scarcity of information on its prevalence and risk factors amongst HIV adult patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study amongst 253 HIV patients in Bushenyi district assessed their nutritional status using the body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and a questionnaire was used to identify major risk factors. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 38.74 ± 0.80 yrs, while females and males were 52.2% and 47.8% respectively. Prevalence of malnutrition was 10.28% (95% CI: 6.82 – 14.69) in the study. Major socio-economic factors associated with malnutrition were being female, unemployed, dependent and with many family members. Patients with opportunistic infections, low adherence to HAART, and stage of HIV/AIDS had a higher risk of malnutrition Discussion: In rural communities, a majority of malnourished patients are elderly and these were identified as priority groups for HIV outreach campaigns. The current policy of prioritizing children and women is outdated due to changing disease dynamics, thus showing a need to revise extension service provision in rural communitie
Methanolic extracts of Aloe secundiflora Engl. inhibits in vitro growth of tuberculosis and diarrhea-causing bacteria
(Phcog Res, 2011) Mariita, Richard M.; Orodho, John A.; Okemo, Paul O.; Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Otieno, Joseph N.; Magadula, Joseph J.
The emergence of resistance to antimicrobials by pathogens has reached crisis levels, calling for identification of alternative means to combat diseases. Objective: To determine antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extract of Aloe secundiflora Engl. from Lake Victoria region of Kenya. Materials and Methods: Extract was tested against four strains of mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis), Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and a fungus Candida albicans. activity of the extract was determined using BACTECTM MGITTM 960 system. General antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined using standard procedures: zones of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentrations (MBCs/MFCs). Results: The extract was potent against M. fortuitum, M. smegmatis and M. kansasii where it completely inhibited growth (Zero growth units (GUs)) in all the extract concentrations used. It gave strong antimycobacterial activity (157 GUs) against M. tuberculosis. It showed strong antimicrobial activity (P≤0.05), giving inhibition zones ≥9.00 mm against most microorganisms, such as P. aeruginosa (MIC 9.375 mg mL-1and MBC of 18.75 mg mL-1), E. coli (both MIC and MBC of 18.75 mg mL-1), S. aureus and S. typhi (both with MIC and MBC of 37.5 mg mL-1). Preliminary phytochemistry revealed presence of terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. Conclusion: The data suggests that Aloe secundiflora could be a rich source of antimicrobial agents. The result gives scientific backing to its use by the local people of Lake Victoria region of Kenya, in the management of conditions associated with the tested microorganisms.
Near-peer mentorship for undergraduate training in Ugandan medical schools: views of undergraduate students
(Pan African Medical Journal, 2016) Zari Rukundo, Godfrey; Burani, Aluonzi; Kasozi, Jannat; Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Odongo, Charles; Mwesigwa, Catherine; Byona, Wycliff; Kiguli, Sarah
Masters Students are major stakeholders in undergraduate medical education but their contribution has not been documented in Uganda. The aim of the study was to explore and document views and experiences of undergraduate students regarding the role of masters students as educators in four Ugandan medical schools. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using qualitative data collection methods. Eight Focus Group Discussions were conducted among eighty one selected preclinical and clinical students in the consortium of four Ugandan medical schools: Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Gulu University and Kampala International University, Western Campus. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis. Participants' privacy and confidentiality were respected and participant identifiers were not included in data analysis. Results: Undergraduate students from all the medical schools viewed the involvement of master's students as very important. Frequent contact between masters and undergraduate students was reported as an important factor in undergraduate students' motivation and learning. Despite the useful contribution, master' students face numerous challenges like heavy workload and conflicting priorities. Conclusion: According to undergraduate students in Ugandan medical schools, involvement of master's students in the teaching and learning of undergraduate students is both useful and challenging to masters and undergraduate students. Masters students provide peer mentorship to the undergraduate students. The senior educators are still needed to do their work and also to support the master's students in their teaching role.
Phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of crude extracts of the pod of Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K. Schum.
(European Journal of Biological Research, 2015) Upoki Anywar, Godwin; Kirimuhuzya, Claude
Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K. Schum., is a perennial herb indigenous to Uganda and is widely used for medicinal and ethnodietary purposes. The ether and methanol extracts of the ripe pod of A. angustifolium were screened for antibacterial activity against; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. The plant extracts were also analysed for their phytochemical constituents. The Agar-well diffusion assay was carried out to measure the antibacterial activity. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined using serial dilution method. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was done using standard procedures.
Valued experiences of graduate students in their role as educators in undergraduate training in Ugandan medical schools
(BMC medical education, 2017) Zari Rukundo, Godfrey; Kasozi, Jannat; Burani, Aluonzi; Byona, Wycliff; Kirimuhuzya, Claude; Kiguli, Sarah
In most medical schools, graduate students, sometimes referred to as graduate teaching assistants, often participate in the training of undergraduate students. In developing countries like Uganda, are typically involved in undergraduate training. However, prior to this study there were no standard guidelines for this involvement. At the same time, the views and experiences of the graduate students in their role as educators had not been documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the views and experiences of graduate students about their involvement in undergraduate training in three Ugandan medical schools. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of policies for training in Ugandan medical schools.

Browsing by Author "Kirimuhuzya, Claude"

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