Browsing by Author "Kimera, David"

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    A Hardy Cross Approach for Hydraulic Modelling of Water Pipe Networks
    (East African Nature and Science Organization, 2022-02-03) Obura, Denis; Kimera, David; Khaldi, Abdelkrim
    Whenever there are substantial variations in the quantity of demands within a metropolitan water network, it is necessary to assess the pipe network to aid the water utilities in decision making. Variability in demand exists every time new industries or residences are connected to the network. In cases where no analyses are done prior to making new connections, unnecessarily huge funds are incurred and use of unreasonably bigger pipes is inevitable, some of which may stay redundant. The present study aims at developing a user-friendly numerical hydraulics model for analysing compound pipe networks. The model was developed using the V-Model approach, written in visual basic language to resolve the elementary pipe system equations using the improved Hardy Cross method. This program examines steady-state flows, head losses, flow velocities, and pressures for single, two, three, and four loop water distribution networks. The four-loop example represents the entire network of the case study area in consideration. The comparative study conducted on results from the program and EPANET indicated consistency in the results as coefficient of determinant, R^2, for all the computed variables was approximately unity (1). The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Bias Error (MBE) were found to be reasonably so small. Therefore, it can be concluded from the statistical analysis that the model is reliable for the analysis of a water network consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4 closed loops.
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    Early River Flood-Warning System Based on Embedded Systems
    (East African Nature and Science Organization, 2022-02-02) Kimera, David; Tumwijukye, Shaban
    This paper details the design and construction of a Flood Warning System (FWS) for River Nyamwamba that has been prone to floods of a greater magnitude. The idea was developed on the principle that floods are a meteorological event that develops over time, and thus a need for sufficient time for people to evacuate, and to protect their lives and property. However, the range of existing FWSs have a tangle of conflicting requirements in terms of cost and reliability and have challenges from factors as diverse as technological and social. Built on Computer Embedded Systems, this study provides a cheaper and reliable FWS for a country like Uganda. River Nyamwamba flow was modelled with DEM, Topography sheets, river map, imageries, flow data, stage data, land use maps, and rainfall data. The data sets were conditioned and processed in a GIS environment using ArcGIS software and exported to the HECRAS program to perform a steady flow simulation of the river. High-risk areas were visualized that provided reliable river flow parameters that were used as input values for the design of the FWS. An Arduino programmed microcontrollers were used to control all input and output values regarding the modelled river. An ultrasonic sensor was used to monitor the normal flow, intermediate flow, and peak flood water levels. From this, the river stage was displayed onto an LCD screen at all times, an electronic SMS is sent to operators at intermediate flow, while an alarm is sounded at flood level.