Browsing by Author "Killewo, Japhet"

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    Design and field methods of the ARISE Network Adolescent Health Study
    (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2020) Marie Darling, Anne; Assefa, Nega; Barnighausen, Till; Berhane, Yemane; Canavan, Chelsey R.; Guwatudde, David; Killewo, Japhet; Oduola, Ayoade; Sandod Wafaie W. Fawzi, Mary M.; Sie, Ali; Sudfeld, Christopher; Vuai, Said; Adanu, Richard
    The ARISE Network Adolescent Health Study is an exploratory, community-based survey of 8075 adolescents aged 10–19 in 9 communities in 7 countries: Burkina Faso, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda. Communities were selected opportunistically and existing population cohorts maintained by health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSSs). The study is intended to serve as a first round of data collection for African adolescent cohorts, with the overarching goal of generating community-based data on health-related behaviours and associated risk factors in adolescents, to identify disease burdens and health intervention opportunities. Household-based sampling frames were used in each community to randomly select eligible adolescents (aged 10– 19 years). Data were collected between July 2015 and December 2017. Consenting participants completed face-to-face interviews with trained research assistants using a standardised questionnaire, which covered physical activity, cigarette and tobacco use, substance and drug use, mental health, sexual behaviours and practices, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, food security and food diversity, teeth cleaning and hand washing, feelings and friendship, school and home activities, physical attacks and injuries, health care, health status assessment and life satisfaction, as well as media and cell phone use and socio-demographic and economic background characteristics. Results from this multi-community study serve to identify major adolescent health risks and disease burdens, as well as opportunities for interventions and improvements through policy changes.
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    The need for COVID-19 research in lowand middle-income countries
    (Global Health Research and Policy, 2020) Gupta, Madhu; Wahl, Brian; Adhikari, Binita; Bar-Zeev, Naor; Bhandari, Sudip; Coria, Alexandra; Erchick, Daniel J.; Gupta, Nidhi; Hariyani, Shreya; Kagucia, Wangeci E.; Killewo, Japhet; Jayant Limaye, Rupali; McCollum, Eric D.; Pandey, Raghukul; Pomat, William S.; Rao, Krishna D.; Santosham, Mathuram; Sauer, Molly; Wanyenze, Rhoda K.; Peters, David H.
    In the early months of the pandemic, most reported cases and deaths due to COVID-19 occurred in high-income countries. However, insufficient testing could have led to an underestimation of true infections in many low- and middle-income countries. As confirmed cases increase, the ultimate impact of the pandemic on individuals and communities in low- and middle-income countries is uncertain. We therefore propose research in three broad areas as urgently needed to inform responses in low- and middle-income countries: transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical characteristics of the disease, and the impact of pandemic prevention and response measures. Answering these questions will require a multidisciplinary approach led by local investigators and in some cases additional resources. Targeted research activities should be done to help mitigate the potential burden of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries without diverting the limited human resources, funding, or medical supplies from response activities.