Browsing by Author "Kayondo, Timothy"
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Item Occurrence and toxicological assessment of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients in effluents of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants and wastewater treatment plants in Kampala, Uganda(Water Practice & Technology, 2022) Kayiwa, R.; Kasedde, H.; Lubwama, M.; Kirabira, J. B.; Kayondo, TimothyThere is an increasing eco-toxicological risk associated with pharmaceuticals globally. The prevalence of six active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was studied in effluents of three pharmaceutical manufacturing plants (PMPs) and two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Kampala, Uganda to ascertain the removal potentials for APIs. The APIs include atenolol, losartan, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, and diclofenac. The APIs were extracted using solid-phase extraction cartridges and concentrations were analyzed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer system. The concentration ranges of the APIs were