Browsing by Author "Katukiza, Alex Y."
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Item Decentralized opt 1 ions for faecal sludge management in urban slum 2 areas of Sub-Saharan Africa: A review of technologies, practices and 3 end-uses(Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2015) Semiyaga, Swaib; Okure, Mackay A. E.; Niwagaba, Charles B.; Katukiza, Alex Y.; Kansiime, FrankFaecal sludge (FS), a product from on-site sanitation systems, poses a management challenge in densely populated urban slums of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Currently, FS or its liquid fraction after dewatering is co-treated with sewage in conventional treatment plants. When dewatered, the solid stream is dried and stored further as the terminal treatment or is co-treated directly with organic solid wastes in composting or anaerobic digestion systems. To implement these, FS has to be collected and transported. Also, land is needed, but it is in most cases limited in slums or their vicinity. The collection and transport of FS from slums is costly due to lack of access, traffic congestion and long travel distances to treatment plants. Moreover, uncollected FS poses health risks and pollutes surface and/or ground water within slums. This review demonstrates that currently utilized technologies and practices fall short in various ways and discusses the possibility of minimizing FS management related costs, risks and pollution in urban slums by decentralized treatment and end-use. It also discusses the possible FS-derived end-products and their benefits to urban slum dwellers. Substitution of a part of natural materials (sand and clay) when building and/or biomass (firewood and charcoal) for cooking with FS derived end-products could multiply the benefits of improved sanitation to slum dwellers.Item Evaluation Of The Efficiency And Benefits Of A Pilot Scaled Decentralized Faecal Sludge Treatment System In Kampala(International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2019) Otaka, George; Okullo, Aldo; Niwagaba, Charles B.; Kulabako, Robinah N.; Katukiza, Alex Y.Many peri-urban cities of Sub-Saharan Africa are overwhelmed with overloading the existing centralised wastewater treatment plants and high capital costs of operations and maintenance. In this work, a pilot decentralized faecal sludge treatment system (DEFASTS) was constructed in Kampala for assessing the performance and potential benefits of the treatment system. It consisted of a sedimentation tank, 2 m3, where liquid overflowed sequentially through anaerobic baffled reactor and anaerobic filter. Effluent was polished by a Cyperus papyrus planted gravel filter. The system was loaded daily with 0.5m3/day of mixed raw faecal sludge from both septic tanks and pit latrines operated with a total retention time of 12.52 days. Monitored parameters were; Chemical Oxygen Demand, five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand total suspended solids pH, temperature, total phosphorus, total nitrogen faecal coliforms total volatile solids and ash content. Results obtained were 95.7±24 %, 96.4±1.9%, 96.8±1.8%, 78.4± 24.2%, 76.6±29.8% and 99 ±1.6% respectively.Item Sanitation in unsewered urban poor areas: technology selection, quantitative microbial risk assessment and grey water treatment(Wageningen University and Research, 2013) Katukiza, Alex Y.The sanitation crisis in unsewered urban slums of cities in developing countries is one of the challenges that need to be addressed. It is caused by the high rate of urbanisation in developing countries and the increasing urban population with limited urban infrastructure. The major issues of concern are the collection, treatment and safe disposal of excreta, grey water and solid waste. The goal of this study was to contribute to the sanitation improvement in urban slums with focus on sanitation technologies. A review of sanitation technology options for urban slums was made followed by a baseline study in the slum of Bwaise III in Kampala Uganda. The results from the situation assessment and analysis were used to develop a method for selection of sustainable sanitation technologies in urban slums. Quantitative microbial risk assessment was then carried out based on the sources and concentration of pathogens and indicator organisms in the slum environment. The risk of infection and the disease burden contribution from various exposure pathways were determined. The study then focused on grey water treatment using a low-cost media (sand, crushed lava rock) based systems at laboratory scale and household level in the study area.