Browsing by Author "Karimi, Rael"

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    Adoption of Improved Mungbean Production Technologies in Selected East African Countries
    (Agriculture, 2021) Mmbando, Frank; Mbeyagala, Emmanuel; Binagwa, Papias; Karimi, Rael; Opie, Hellen; Ochieng, Justus; Mutuoki, Tarcisius; Nair, Ramakrishnan Madhavan
    This study analyzes the factors that influence the probability and extent of the adoption of mungbean production technologies in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, using multivariate probit and Poisson regression models. The results show that the probability and extent of the adoption of mungbean production technologies are influenced by gender of the household, household size, farm size, livestock size, household assets, access to extension services and access to credit. The study suggests that policy interventions that aimed at targeting women farmers, increasing household asset and information dissemination, such as field demonstrations and training programs, are crucial in enhancing technology adoption among smallholder farmers.
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    Biotic and Abiotic Constraints in Mungbean Production—Progress in Genetic Improvement
    (Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019) Nair, Ramakrishnan M.; Pandey, Abhay K.; War, Abdul R.; Karimi, Rael; Mbeyagala, Emmanuel K.; Douglas, Colin A.; Rane, Jagadish; Schafleitner, Roland
    Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata] is an important food and cash legume crop in Asia. Development of short duration varieties has paved the way for the expansion of mungbean into other regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Mungbean productivity is constrained by biotic and abiotic factors. Bruchids, whitefly, thrips, stem fly, aphids, and pod borers are the major insect-pests. The major diseases of mungbean are yellow mosaic, anthracnose, powdery mildew, Cercospora leaf spot, halo blight, bacterial leaf spot, and tan spot. Key abiotic stresses affecting mungbean production are drought, waterlogging, salinity, and heat stress. Mungbean breeding has been critical in developing varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, but there are many constraints still to address that include the precise and accurate identification of resistance source(s) for some of the traits and the traits conferred by multi genes. Latest technologies in phenotyping, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics could be of great help to understand insect/pathogen-plant, plant-environment interactions and the key components responsible for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review discusses current biotic and abiotic constraints in mungbean production and the challenges in genetic improvement.
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    Mungbean in Southeast Asia and East Africa: Varieties, Practices and Constraints.
    (Agriculture & Food Security, 2021) Sequeros, Teresa; Ochieng, Justus; Binagwa, Papias H.; Juma, Maurice Ogada; Kangile, Joseph Rajabu; Karimi, Rael; Mbeyagala, Emmanuel K.; Mvungi, Henry; Sanya, Losira Nasirumbi; Nguyen, Thi Tan Loc; Simfukwe, Esther; Suebpongsang, Pornsiri
    Improving the productivity of grain legumes is important to address global challenges of food security and soil degradation. This study’s objective was to quantify the adoption of improved mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties and agricultural practices and to identify production constraints for six countries in Southeast Asia and three countries in East Africa. A Delphi method using expert elicitation was applied at subnational levels and then aggregated to national levels. Each panel employed repetitive and independent questioning of experts. The study organized 31 expert panels involving 387 experts across 9 countries. The share of improved varieties in the planted area, as estimated by the expert panels, was 92% for the Philippines, 91% for Vietnam, 99% for Thailand, 84% for Cambodia, 60% for Indonesia, 35% for Laos, 91% for Kenya, 30% for Uganda and 25% for Tanzania. The average age of improved varieties was 19 years in Asia and 12 years in East Africa. Of the mungbean area in Southeast Asia, 61% was planted to varieties developed by the World Vegetable Center, but this was only 2% in East Africa. Production constraints generally included insect pests and plant diseases, unstable markets with low price and low market demand, and the lack of quality seed of suitable varieties. There are ample opportunities to improve mungbean productivity through wider use of improved varieties and practices, which is important to meet the contemporary challenges of improving human nutrition and agricultural sustainability.