Browsing by Author "Kansiime, F."

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    Land-use and land cover, sediment and nutrient hotspot areas changes in Lake Tanganyika Basin
    (African Journal of Rural Development (AFJRD), 2016) Azanga, E.; Majaliwa M.; Kansiime, F.; Mushagalusa, N.; Karume, K.; Tenywa, M.M.
    The impact of global land use and land cover changes in relation to climate change and declining biodiversity has been a subject of interest in the recent years. Nonetheless, there is limited data capturing trends in land use and land cover changes in the Tanganyika catchment. This study characterized the trend in land use/ cover changes and examined the change in sediment and nutrients hotspot areas in the Kalimabenge microcatchment, for the last 40 years. Land use/cover change was quantified and reconstructed by analyzing a series of Landsat images taken in 1973, 1986, and 2010 using the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) 3.3 software and field observations. Both supervised and non-supervised classifications were used in the classification of the Landsat images in order to obtain the land use/cover change map. Sediment and nutrient loading into the Kalimabenge micro-catchment were modeled using ArcSWAT software integrated in ArcGIS 9.3. ArcSWAT was calibrated using two years field observations at the river outlet into Lake Tanganyika. Results showed that the dominant land use/covers in the micro-catchment are cultivated land, followed by forest/tree plantations, grassland and built-up area. Grassland/savannah has declined gradually over time, forest/woodlot land increased gradually, built up areas acreage remained quasi similar, cultivated land followed a quadratic trend. The partial sources of sediments, runoff and phosphorous changed for the last 4 decades. These sources areas first decreased in 1986 and then increased in 2010. Details
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    Parasitological detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in serologically negative sleeping-sickness suspects from north-western Uganda
    (Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 2016) Enyaru, J. C. K.; Matovu, E.; Akol, M.; Sebikali, C.; Kyambadde, J.; Schmidt, C.; Brun, R.; Kaminsky, R.; Ogwal, L. M.; Kansiime, F.
    Forty-five parasitologically confirmed cases of sleeping sickness were diagnosed in north-western Uganda using a combination of two or three techniques. Forty of the cases were positive by the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT), four were negative and one was not screened by the CATT. Trypanosomes isolated from the four CATT-negative but parasitologically positive cases were propagated for detailed biochemical genetic analysis. The aim was to demonstrate whether these four stocks lacked the LiTat 1.3 gene which encodes the antigen on which the CATT is based. All the DNA extracts isolated from these CATT-negative stocks and from six CATT-positive stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense were targeted for amplification by the three variable-surface-glycoprotein genes thought to be ubiquitous in T. b. gambiense. The LiTat 1.3 gene was shown to be present in all 10 stocks. Trypanosome carriers may be CATT -negative because the CATT is not sensitive enough, because their parasites lack the LiT at 1.3 gene, or because their parasites have this gene but do not express it. The four sleeping-sickness cases who gave negative CATT results in the present study have very important implications in the diagnosis of T. b. gambiense infections using the CATT. Following treatment of the CATT -positive cases, the CA TT -negative carriers of the trypanosomes remain as human reservoir hosts for continuous infection of the population. Because CATT-negative individuals are rarely examined further, the general prevalence of parasitologically positive but CATT-negative cases is unclear. This study demonstrates the value of co-ordinated use of serological and parasitological techniques in the diagnosis of Gambian sleeping sickness.
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    Selection of sustainable sanitation technologies for urban slums — A case of Bwaise III in Kampala, Uganda
    (Science of the total environment, 2010) Katukiza, A.Y.; Ronteltap, M.; Oleja, A.; Niwagaba, C.B.; Kansiime, F.; Lens, P.N.L.
    Provision of sanitation solutions in theworld's urban slums is extremely challenging due to lack ofmoney, space, access and sense of ownership. This paper presents a technology selectionmethod thatwas used for the selection of appropriate sanitation solutions for urban slums. The method used in this paper takes into account sustainability criteria, including social acceptance, technological and physical applicability, economical and institutional aspects, and the need to protect and promote human health and the environment. The study was carried out inBwaise III; a slumarea in Kampala (Uganda). Thiswas through administering of questionnaires and focus group discussions to obtain baseline data, developing a database to compare different sanitation options using technology selection criteria and then performing a multi-criteria analysis of the technology options. Itwas found that 15% of the population uses a public pit latrine; 75% uses a shared toilet; and 10% has private, nonshared sanitation facilities. Using the selection method, technologies such as Urine Diversion Dry Toilet (UDDT) and biogas latrines were identified to be potentially feasible sanitation solutions for Bwaise III. Sanitation challenges for further research are also presented.