Browsing by Author "Kajjura, Richard"

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    The Epidemiology of Hypertension in Uganda: Findings from the National Non- Communicable Diseases Risk Factor Survey
    (PLoS ONE, 2015) Guwatudde, David; Mutungi, Gerald; Wesonga, Ronald; Kajjura, Richard; Kasule, Hafisa; Muwonge, James; Ssenono, Vincent; Bahendeka, Silver K.
    Hypertension is an important contributor to global burden of disease and mortality, and is a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. However, most sub-Saharan African countries lack detailed countrywide data on hypertension and other non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors that would provide benchmark information for design of appropriate interventions.We analyzed blood pressure data from Uganda’s nationwide NCD risk factor survey conducted in 2014, to describe the prevalence and distribution of hypertension in the Ugandan population, and to identify the associated factors.
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    Nutritional status, feeding practices and state of other related indicators at onset of a multi-model community nutrition intervention program in Mpigi District, Uganda.
    (African Health Sciences, 2016-12) Tumwesigye, Nazarius Mbona; Tushemerirwe, Florence Basiimwa; Kajjura, Richard; Nabunya, Victoria; Naitala, Ronald Andrew; Namanda, Cissie
    Introduction: In Uganda, malnutrition level has persistently remained high among the under-fives and this has led NGOs like World Vision, Uganda into finding innovative ways for intervention. This paper presents an assessment of nutrition status and values of related indicators at onset of a community intervention program in four sub-counties of Mpigi district in Central Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to provide baseline information for a nutrition intervention. The study units were index children aged 6-59 months from 818 households. Face to face interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires. Values of key indicators were computed and compared between designated control and intervention areas. Results: Stunting level was 32% while wasting was 3% and underweight at 10%. Most of the index children (78%) started breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. Nearly a third of the households visited had a kitchen garden and this did not differ by intervention status. Conclusion: Like at regional level, nutrition status and feeding practices in the study area were poor. The values of these indicators did not significantly change by designated intervention status. Much effort was needed to realize a difference in nutrition and feeding practices in designated intervention areas.
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    Physical Activity Levels Among Adults in Uganda: Findings From a Countrywide Cross-Sectional Survey
    (Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2016) Guwatudde, David; Kirunda, Barbara E.; Wesonga, Ronald; Mutungi, Gerald; Kajjura, Richard; Kasule, Hafisa; Muwonge, James; Bahendeka, Silver K.
    Being physically active is associated with lower risk of many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). We analyzed physical activity (PA) data collected as part of Uganda’s countrywide NCD risk factor survey conducted in 2014, to describe PA levels in Uganda. Methods: PA data were collected on the domains of work, travel and leisure. We calculated the percentage of participants meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) PA recommendations, and the types of intense-specific duration of PA. Prevalence ratios (PR) were used to identify factors associated with meeting WHO PA recommendations. Results: Of the 3987 participants, 3758 (94.3%) met the WHO PA recommendations. Work-related PA of moderate intensity, and travel-related PA contributed most to participants’ overall weekly duration of PA, each contributing 49.6% and 25.2% respectively. The median weekly duration of all moderate-intensity PA was 1470 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] = 540 to 2460). Weekly duration of all vigorous-intensity PA was low with a median of 0 minutes (IQR = 0 to 1080). The median daily sedentary time was 120 minutes (IQR = 60 to 240). Factors significantly associated with meeting WHO PA recommendations were body mass index and level of education. Conclusions: PA levels in Uganda are high, mostly achieved through travel and work-related activities of moderate intensity.
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    Using dietary serving scores to assess adequacy of dietary intake and associated factors among adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Kampala: a cross-sectional study
    (2020-08-17) Kisaakye, Susan; Matovu, Nicholas; Guwatudde, David; Kajjura, Richard
    Background/objectives: Adequate dietary intake for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is central in preventing or delaying onset of diabetes related complications. This study used dietary serving scores (DSS) to determine the adequacy of dietary intake and associated factors among patients with T2DM in Kampala. Subjects/methods: A facility based cross-sectional study among adult T2DM patients attending diabetes clinics attached to health care facilities in Kampala was conducted. Semi structured demographic and 7-day Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) were used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, environmental factors and dietary intake respectively. Dietary intake was computed using Dietary Serving Scores (DSS) and was grouped into two: "adequate dietary intake (DSS of 78 and above)" and "inadequate dietary intake (DSS below 78)". Multiple linear regression was used to assess correlates of dietary intake. Results: Out of the 400 participants, only 49 (12.25%; 95% CI: 9.04, 15.46) were classified as having adequate dietary intake. After adjusting for potential confounders, unmarried individuals (β = -2.367; p = 0.024) and those who are salaried (β = -3.162; p = 0.012) or self-employed (β = -4.214; p = 0.001) had significantly lower mean DSS compared to their respective counterparts. T2DM patients who attended Nsambya hospital diabetes clinic had significantly higher mean DSS (β = 3.698; p = 0.022) compared to those who receive treatment in Lubaga hospital. Conclusions: The prevalence of adequate dietary intake among patients with T2DM attending health facilities in Kampala is very low. More efforts are needed to educate patients on better dietary choices aligned with disease management.
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    Using dietary serving scores to assess adequacy of dietary intake and associated factors among adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Kampala: a cross-sectional study
    (European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021) Kisaakye, Susan; Matovu, Nicholas; Guwatudde, David; Kajjura, Richard
    Adequate dietary intake for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is central in preventing or delaying onset of diabetes related complications. This study used dietary serving scores (DSS) to determine the adequacy of dietary intake and associated factors among patients with T2DM in Kampala. Subjects/Methods A facility based cross-sectional study among adult T2DM patients attending diabetes clinics attached to health care facilities in Kampala was conducted. Semi structured demographic and 7-day Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) were used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, environmental factors and dietary intake respectively. Dietary intake was computed using Dietary Serving Scores (DSS) and was grouped into two: “adequate dietary intake (DSS of 78 and above)” and “inadequate dietary intake (DSS below 78)”. Multiple linear regression was used to assess correlates of dietary intake. Results Out of the 400 participants, only 49 (12.25%; 95% CI: 9.04, 15.46) were classified as having adequate dietary intake. After adjusting for potential confounders, unmarried individuals (β = −2.367; p = 0.024) and those who are salaried (β = −3.162; p = 0.012) or self-employed (β = −4.214; p = 0.001) had significantly lower mean DSS compared to their respective counterparts. T2DM patients who attended Nsambya hospital diabetes clinic had significantly higher mean DSS (β = 3.698; p = 0.022) compared to those who receive treatment in Lubaga hospital. Conclusions The prevalence of adequate dietary intake among patients with T2DM attending health facilities in Kampala is very low. More efforts are needed to educate patients on better dietary choices aligned with disease management.