Browsing by Author "Isingoma, Barugahara Evyline"

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    Determination of the Minimum Inhibition Concentration of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder against Some Common Diarrhoea Causing Pathogens
    (Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 2018) Isingoma, Barugahara Evyline; Samuel, Mbugua; Edward, Karuri
    The antimicrobial properties and nutrient content of Moringa oleifera leaves have made them of great interest in current scientific research. This study determined the Minimum Inhibition Concentration of Moringa oleifera leaf powders against some common diarrhoea causing bacteria. Four bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella shiga and Staphylococcus aureaus were used in the study. Moringa oleifera leaves powders were thoroughly mixed with sterile Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and centrifuged for 15minutes before being strained using a filter paper. Ten millilitres of sterilized BHI with different levels of moringa leaf powders were each inoculated with 0.05 millilitres of standardised suspension of tested bacteria. Sterilized BHI alone and BHI with varying levels of moringa leaf powder without the pathogens were also prepared to be used in standardising the spectrophotometer. Readings were taken before and after incubating the different samples and bacterial growth was tested by measuring optical density in the broth at 600 nm after incubation for 24 hours at 35°C. The difference in spectrophotometer readings before and after incubation of the samples was used to indicate growth of bacterial pathogens. Results indicated that Moringa oleifera leaf powders inhibited growth in all the four bacterial strains due to its antimicrobial properties. The minimum inhibition concentration of Moringa oleifera leaf powder against 0.05 millilitres of standardised Escherichia coli varied between 8.4g to 9.8g of moringa oleifera leaf powder per 100 millilitres of BHI broth while for Staphylococcus aureaus it ranged between 9.8g to 10.2g Moringa oleifera leaf powder per 100mls of BHI broth. The results of this investigation can be used to guide low income households and pharmacists on the quantities of dried M. oleifera leaf powder to use in an effort to eliminate diarrhoea due to E.coli and S. aureaus pathogens.
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    Microbiological Analysis of Domestic Water Sources in Banda Slum of Kampala, Uganda
    (Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 2021) Isingoma, Barugahara Evyline; Stephen, Kwesiga
    There is scarcity of information about the safety of water in Banda slum of Kampala, Uganda and yet reports indicate outbreaks of infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of exposure to waterborne infections by Banda residents due to faecal contamination of water sources. Four hundred respondents were sampled and interviewed on the methods of water collection, treatment and storage. Water samples were collected with sterile glass bottles in duplicate from the dug well, protected spring and piped water system in December 2018 on two different consecutive days. They were transported to the laboratory for total and faecal coliform count analysis within 2 h using a lightproof-insulated box containing ice-packs. The mean Escherichia coli count for the dug well was 43 ± 18 c.f.u/mL. The protected spring had no detectable E. coli, but its total plate count level was 76 ± 1.4 c.f.u/mL. Only 46% of the respondents treated their drinking water using boiling and filtering methods. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices were observed. The total and faecal coliform counts of water sources were unsatisfactory making Banda residents highly at risk of infectious diseases, given the small number of residents that treated water.
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    Nutritional Status of Children 7–36 Months Old from Millet Consuming Communities of Masindi District, Western Uganda
    (BMC nutrition, 2019) Isingoma, Barugahara Evyline; Mbugua, Samuel Kuria; Karuri, Edward Gichohi
    Several national reports have indicated poor nutritional status among children from Western Uganda where millet porridge is a predominant complementary food. However, little is known about the nutritional status of 7–36 months old children from millet consuming communities of Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bujenje County of Masindi District. A total of 636 children from 23 villages within Bwijanga and Budongo sub counties were randomly selected. Anthropometric measurements of children were taken. Data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of children’s households, their dietary practices and morbidity patterns was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Emergency Nutritional Assessment (ENA) Software Version 2010 were used for analysing data. The relationship between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of households and children’s nutritional status was determined using Chi-square tests. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between children’s nutritional status and the amount of millet porridge consumed. A p-value of < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. A proportion of 30.5% children were stunted, 11.6% underweight and 7.4% wasted. Underweight and wasting were significantly high in Budongo sub county at p = 0.044 and p = 0.005 respectively. Stunting and underweight were highest between 12 and 23 months at p = 0.005 and 0.020 respectively. Although millet porridges formed the bulk of children’s meals, they could only cater for < 60% of the recommended daily nutrient intake. Children with diarrhoea were 1.4 and 2 times likely to become stunted and underweight at p = 0.025 and 0.007 respectively. Feeding practices for children with diarrhoea were contrary to World Health Organisation’s recommendations in more than 50% of the studied children. There was a significant association between Height-for-Age Z scores, Weight-for-Height Z scores and the amount of millet porridge consumed by children (r = − 0.20, p < 0.001 and r = 0.14, p < 0.001 respectively). Results showed slightly higher percentages of stunted, underweight and wasted children compared to national figures. This was attributed to high incidences of diarrhoea and inadequate feeding practices especially for children 12–36 months old.
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    Performance of Nutritionally Optimised Millet Porridges as Complementary Food for Children from Low Socio-Economic Status Households in Bujenje County, Western Uganda
    (J Nutr Health Food Sci, 2018) Isingoma, Barugahara Evyline; Mbugua, Samuel K.; Karuri, Edward G.
    Lack of proper complimentary foods continues to be a problem in many parts of the world, especially among low socio-economic status households. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of optimised millet porridges on the nutritional status of moderately malnourished children. The study was a closed cohort study involving 93 moderately wasted children aged 7-36 months and their mothers/caretakers. Thirty two children recruited from Ntooma village centre were fed on traditional millet porridge as the control while 30 from Karongo and 31 from Kiryamyongo village centres were fed on millet porridges optimised with 7% moringa leaf powder and 17% pumpkin flesh powder respectively. Optimised millet porridges were fermented using lactic acid fermentation starter cultures. Anthropometric measurements, dietary assessments and morbidity patterns of children in the study were monitored for 4 months. One way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Chi-square tests were used to analyse the effect of porridges on the nutritional status of children. In all cases a p value of < 0.05 was regarded as significant. All children fed on optimised millet porridges recovered from wasting by the 6th week and being underweight by the 12th week, compared to 26 and 25 percent of children that were still wasted and underweight respectively among those fed on traditional millet porridges. Children fed on traditional millet porridge had their Height for Age (HAZ) scores deteriorate while those on optimised millet porridges had their HAZ scores improved. Diarrhoea incidences were significantly high among children fed on traditional millet porridge (P = 0.006). Fermented moringa and fermented pumpkin millet porridges can therefore be adopted as better options for complementary feeding among low socio-economic status households of Western Uganda.