Browsing by Author "Ignacio, Moriyon"

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    Sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughter livestock in Uganda
    (Frontiers in Epidemiology, 2023-06) Bugeza, James; Kristina, Roesel; Ignacio, Moriyon; Mugizi, Denis; Alinaitwe, Lordrick; Kivali, Velma; Kankya, Clovice; Elizabeth, Anne Jessie Cook
    Brucellosis is endemic in Uganda and is a major cause of production losses in livestock. Early detection and quantification of the disease is vital for its control and eradication. The aim of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence and factors associated with anti-Brucella antibodies in slaughtered livestock. Materials and methods: Sera from 886 cattle, 925 small ruminants, and 900 pigs were collected from regional abattoirs in Northern, Eastern and Central Uganda. To estimate sero-prevalence, sera were serially tested using a combination of the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Native Hapten (NH) immunoprecipitation test. True sero-prevalence was estimated using the Rogan-Gladden estimator considering the sensitivity and specificity of the NH immunoprecipitation test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with seropositivity for anti-Brucella antibodies. Results and discussion: Small ruminants showed the highest seroprevalence (6.7%, 95%CI=4.2-7.1) followed by cattle (3.8%, 95% CI=2.4-4.9) and pigs (2.8%, 95% CI= 1.1-2.9). Seropositivity for anti-Brucella antibodies was associated with region of origin (OR=4.6,95%CI=1.49-17.75, p=0.013) for cattle; sex (OR=2.90, 95% C= 1.5-6.34, p=0.004), age (OR=4.04, 95% CI=1.07-8.52, p=0.006) and species (OR=2.53, 95% CI=1.08-6.98, p=0.048) for small ruminants; and finally sex for pigs (OR=2.88, 95% CI=1.07-8.52, p=0.041). Progressive control interventions must include both cattle and small ruminants since they play a bigger role in the maintenance and dissemination of Brucella. The interventions should adopt a risk based approach with regions at higher risk being given top priority. Bacteriological and molecular studies should be undertaken to clarify the role of pigs and the goat-cattle cross infections in the epidemiological cycle of brucellosis in Uganda.
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    Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with occurrence of anti-Brucella antibodies among slaughterhouse workers in Uganda
    (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2024-03) Bugeza, James Katamba; Alinaitwe, Lordrick; Kristina, Roesel; Mugizi, Denis Rwabiita; Kivali, Velma; Kankya, Clovice; Ignacio, Moriyon; Elizabeth, AnneJessieCook
    Brucellosis is a febrile zoonosis occurring among high-risk groups such as abattoir workers and is a public health priority in Uganda. Whereas bacteriological isolation is conclusive, and some molecular methods have been found useful for diagnosis of brucellosis, they are technically complex and may delay commencement of treatment. Therefore, clinicians from resource poor settings rely on clinical examination and serology for diagnosis of human brucellosis. However, brucellosis lacks pathognomonic signs, and clinically resembles other endemic febrile illnesses which complicates diagnosis. Poor quality Brucella antigens, serological tests not validated for human use, and lack of consensus on the tests of choice complicate diagnosis of brucellosis. Previously, many studies employed a variety of tests to estimate sero-prevalence of brucellosis in high-risk groups leading in some cases to over estimation of the disease in Uganda. Here we applied the RBT and BrucellaCapt tests in a serial testing scheme to detect contacts, short and long evolution cases of brucellosis and report a sero-prevalence ranging from 7.3% to 9.0% among slaughter house workers in Uganda. Brucella seropositivity was associated with the region where participants worked, the slaughter of cattle, small ruminants, and grazing animals as an activity outside the work of the slaughterhouse.