Browsing by Author "Grosskurth, H."

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    HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of women involved in high risk sexual behaviour in Kampala, Uganda
    (Sexually transmitted diseases, 2011) Vandepitte, J.; Bukenya, J.; Weiss, H. A.; Nakubulwa, S.; Francis, S. C.; Hughes, P.; Hayes, R.; Grosskurth, H.
    Uganda has long been successful in controlling the HIV epidemic but there is evidence that HIV prevalence and incidence are increasing again. Data on the HIV/STI epidemic among sex workers are so far lacking from Uganda. This paper describes the baseline epidemiology of HIV/STI in a newly-established cohort of women involved in high risk sexual behaviour in Kampala, Uganda. Methods—Women were recruited from red-light-areas in Kampala. Between April 2008-May 2009, 1027 eligible women were enrolled. Socio-demographic and behavioural information was collected; blood and genital samples were tested for HIV/STI. Risk factors for HIV-infection were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results—HIV seroprevalence was 37%. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoea (NG) was 13%, C. trachomatis (CT) 9%, T. vaginalis (TV) 17%, bacterial vaginosis (BV) 56% and 11% had candida infection. 80% had HSV-2 antibodies, 21% were TPHA -positive and 10% had active syphilis (RPR+TPHA+). In 3% of the genital ulcers, T. pallidum (TP) was identified, H. ducreyi (HD) in 6% and HSV-2 in 35%. Prevalent HIV was independently associated with older age, being widowed, lack of education, sex work as sole income, street based sex work, not knowing HIVstatus, using alcohol and intravaginal cleansing with soap. HIV-infection was associated with NG, TV, BV, HSV-2 seropositivity and active syphilis. Conclusions—Prevalence of HIV/STI is high among women involved in high risk sexual behaviour in Kampala. Targeted HIV prevention interventions including regular STI screening, VCT, condom promotion and counselling for reducing alcohol use are urgently needed in this population.
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    Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Surveillance among Newly HIV Type 1-Diagnosed Women Attending an Antenatal Clinic in Entebbe, Uganda
    (AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2008) Ndembi, N.; Lyagoba, F.; Nanteza, B.; Kushemererwa, G.; Serwanga, J.; Mbidde, E. Katongole; Grosskurth, H.; Kaleebu, P.; on behalf of the Uganda HIV Drug Resistance Working Group
    To evaluate transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance and study the natural polymorphism in pol of HIV-1 strains of newly diagnosed women attending an antenatal clinic in Uganda we sequenced the protease and reverse transcriptase genes for 46 HIV-1 strains from the threshold surveillance. Of the 46 sequences analyzed, 48.0% were subtype A1 (n = 22), 39.0% subtype D (n = 18), 2.0% subtype A2 (n = 1), 2.0% subtype C (n = 1), and 9.0% intersubtype recombinant A1/D (n = 4). Overall, many minor mutations were identified in the protease sequences. None of the strains had major associated mutations to any RTI drug or drug class interest after genotyping 37 samples of our cohort. The HIV drug resistance prevalence estimate in Entebbe following the HIVDR-TS methodology is less than 5% as set out by WHO guidelines.