Browsing by Author "Fall, Abdoulaye Fofana"

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    Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Maize in the Eastern Part of Uganda
    (MDPI, 2022) Fall, Abdoulaye Fofana; Nakabonge, Grace; Ssekandi, Joseph; Founoune-Mboup, Hassna; Badji, Arfang; Balde, Issa; Ndiaye, Pape Malick
    Improving maize yield is an utmost important objective for food security in Uganda. In the evaluation of soil microorganisms to crop production, it is important to assess the composition and diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) species at different agroecosystems. AMF play an important role in improving crop growth and yield. We present a study of the morphological diversity of native AMF species associated with the rhizosphere of maize in two locations in eastern Uganda (Amuria and Serere districts). The effects of soil chemical properties on this diversity were also assessed. AMF diversity was assessed by morphological identification of the spores extracted from soils samples by the wet sieving method. Spores abundance, species richness, and diversity were determined. A total of 19 AMF morphotypes were distributed in 7 genera (Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Glomus, Acaulospora, Archaospora, Entrophosporaa, and Paraglomus) were observed. Glomus species were abundant in all sites. Spores densities were higher in Amuria than in Serere. Soil pH, CEC, and phosphorus content influenced AMF distribution. Finding the species in various agroecological environments indicates that they are adapted to the environments. Maize grown in eastern Uganda is associated with a diversity of AMF that could be selected as a bio-fertilizer to improve crop production.
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    Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on soil fertility and its importance in phytoremediation of polluted soil
    (Preprints, 2021) Fall, Abdoulaye Fofana; Nakabonge, Grace; Ssekandi, Joseph; Apori, Samuel Obeng
    A single paragraph Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic relationships with many crops. These soil microbiotas improve the soil fertility through the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. extending the root absorbing area. In return, the symbiont receives plant carbohydrates for the completion of its life cycle. AMF also helps plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses such as extreme temperature, heavy metal, diseases, and pathogens. For soil physical properties, the mechanisms used by AMF are the production of a glycoprotein, glomalin, which creates a high quality of soil macro-aggregations. These macro-aggregations control soil erosion, nutrients and organic matter losses. For soil chemical properties, AMF produce acids and an enzyme called phosphatase. This enzyme hydrolyzes the inorganic phosphorus and the rock phosphate (RP) hence making P available in the soil for plant uptake. AMF also are involved in soil nitrogen, carbon and trace element cycling. Regarding the biological component of the soil, AMF influence the composition, diversity and activity of microbial communities in the hydrosphere. They also work in synergy with others soil microorganisms to improve soil fertility, plant growth and resistance against some diseases. In this review, we present the contribution of AMF on soil fertility and importance in polluted soils.