Browsing by Author "El-Bedewy, R."

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    Fungicide application and host-resistance for potato late blight management: benefits assessment from on-farm studies in S.W. Uganda
    (Crop Protection, 2004) Namanda, S.; Olanya, O.M.; Adipala, E.; Hakiza, J.J.; El-Bedewy, R.; Baghsarif, A.S.; Ewell, P.
    Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most significant constraints to potato production in Uganda and other regions of the world. Fungicides and host plant resistance are among the most efficient control options available to growers. Field trials were conducted in 1999 and 2000 in South-western Uganda to evaluate the cost effectiveness of fungicide application regimes on six potato varieties. A factorial experiment with five fungicide application intervals (weekly, fortnightly, IPM, no spray and farmers’ practice) and six potato varieties was established. Late blight infection was prevalent in both years, and a significant amount of disease was detected (P<0.05). Application of fungicide treatments considerably reduced late blight progress, with a corresponding increase in tuber yield. Based on monitoring of late blight disease occurrence and weather variables, two applications of the contact fungicide mancozeb on a moderately resistant variety was the most economical. Marginal rates of return and net benefits were significantly affected by fungicide applications. In the IPM treatment, late blight disease monitoring or scouting prior to first fungicide applications resulted in significant economic gains compared to scheduled applications of weekly and biweekly or no application (control) treatments.
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    Impact of Fungicide Application and Late Blight Development on Potato Growth Parameters and Yield in the Tropical Highlands of Kenya and Uganda
    (African Crop Science Journal, 2001) Ojiambo, P. S.; Namanda, S.; Olanya, O. M.; El-Bedewy, R.; Hakiza, J. J.; Adipala, E.; Forbes, G.
    The effects of fungicide application and late blight development on potato varieties with different levels of resistance to late blight were quantified in Kenya and Uganda during the 1999 cropping seasons. Experiments were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications in three sites, Loreto and Kabete in Kenya and Kalengyere Research Station in Uganda. At each experimental site, plots consisted of 4 m rows with plants spaced at 0.75m x 0.3 m. Treatments consisted of three potato varieties and four application intervals of Dithane M-45 arranged in a factorial combination. Areas under disease progress curves (AUDPCs) was significantly lower in the sprayed plots than in the unsprayed plots. Disease levels were lower in plots with 7 days application interval and most severe in plots of 21 days spray interval. Yields were higher in the 7 days intervals and lower in the 14, 21-days intervals and in the unsprayed plots. Fresh tuber weights and dry tuber weights were higher in the sprayed plots and lower in the unsprayed plots, respectively. At Kabete, Kerr's Pink had the highest AUDPC value of 2139.3 and disease was least on Asante with an AUDPC value of 409.4. The corresponding AUDPC values for the control plots were 671.5, 945.6 and 2367.8 for Asante, Tigoni and Kerr's Pink, respectively. At Loreto, disease was also most severe on Kerr's Pink with an AUDPC value of 2076.3 and least severe on Tigoni that had an AUDPC value of 444.8. The corresponding AUDPC values for the control plots were 840.4, 1000.2 and 2740.0, for Tigoni, Asante and Kerr's Pink, respectively. The highest tuber yield of 41.3 t ha-1 recorded at Kabete for Asante was significantly higher than yields of Kerr's Pink (22.0 t ha-1) but was not different from the yields of Tigoni (39.9 t ha-1). At Loreto, Tigoni had the highest yields of 34.6 t ha-1 that was significantly different from that of Kerr's Pink (6.2 t ha-1) in the sprayed plots. At Kalengyere, disease levels were significantly (P = 0.05) lower in the sprayed plots than in the control plots and disease severity was least on variety Rutuku (AUDPC value of 17.9) in 7 day spray interval. Tuber yields were significantly (P = 0.05) higher in the sprayed plots and highest tuber yield was recorded on variety Kabale (39.5 t ha-1) in plots with 7 day spraying interval.
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    Relationships of Fungicide Application to Late-Blight Development and Potato Growth Parameters in the Tropical Highlands of Uganda and Kenya
    (International Potato Center, 2001) Olanya, O. M.; El-Bedewy, R.; Ojiambo, P. S.; Hakiza, J. J.
    The impact of fungicide applications on late blight development, potato growth parameters, and yield was quantified at field sites in Kenya and Uganda during the 1999 and 2000 cropping seasons. In Kenya, three potato varieties were evaluated at two sites, at altitudes of 1800 m and 2200 m. In Uganda, three varieties were evaluated at one site at an altitude of 2400 m. Leaf, stem, root, and tuber biomass were sampled and quantified during the cropping season. Dithane M-45 fungicide was applied to the experimental plots at the onset of disease at intervals of 7, 14, and 21 days. Final tuber yields differed significantly by as much as 15% between fungicide-treated and untreated controls across the three sites. The severity of late blight differed among sites and between years as a result of variations in environmental conditions. Fungicide application intervals significantly affected disease progress, and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was significantly lower in the fungicide-treated plots than in the control (unsprayed) plots. Tuber biomass accumulation was also significantly affected by fungicide applications. Varieties Tigoni and Rutuku have relatively higher levels of polygenic resistance to late blight and showed low levels of disease severity