Browsing by Author "Christopher, Whalen"

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    Burden of tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda
    (World Health Organization, 2003) Guwatudde, David; Zalwango, Sarah; Kamya, Moses; Debanne, Sara; Mireya, Diaz; Okwera, Alphonse; Mugerwa, Roy; King, Charles; Christopher, Whalen
    Over the past two decades, the number of tuberculosis cases has risen worldwide, especially in the developing countries of southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis is common (1, 2). Case notification data often are used to assess the burden of tuberculosis. The wide belief, however, is that a substantial number of cases of tuberculosis are not detected by the health care systems in most of these countries (3, 4), and surveys of the prevalence of tuberculosis in some of these countries support this belief (5, 6). Furthermore, the poor peri-urban areas of developing countries, where living conditions are unsatisfactory with overcrowding, poor hygiene and inadequate sanitation, are usually most affected by tuberculosis (7, 8). Such living conditions, coupled with high prevalence of HIV infection and lack of access to health care and/or poor health-seeking behavior (8, 9), may lead to a vicious circle of transmission of diseases, including tuberculosis. National average notification data often do not reveal the overwhelming burden of tuberculosis in these settings.