Browsing by Author "Chang, Larry William"

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    The intersection between migration, HIV, and contraceptive use in Uganda: a cross-sectional population-based study
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2024-05) Namusisi, Prossy; Yeh, Ping Teresa; Ssekubugu, Robert; Chang, Larry William; Lutalo, Tom; Zimmerman, Linnea; Grabowski, Mary Kathryn
    BACKGROUNDLow use of modern methods of contraception has been linked to HIV seropositivity and to migration, but few studies have evaluated the intersection of both risk factors with contraceptive use.METHODSWe analyzed cross-sectional data from sexually active female participants aged 15 to 49 years in the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) between 2011 and 2013. The RCCS is an open population-based census and individual survey in south-central Uganda. Recent in-migrants (arrival within approximately 1.5 years) into RCCS communities were identified at time of household census. The primary outcome was unsatisfied demand for a modern contraceptive method (injectable, oral pill, implant, or condom), which was defined as non-use of a modern contraceptive method among female participants who did not want to become pregnant in the next 12 months. Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators were used to identify associations and interactions between recent migration and HIV serostatus on unsatisfied contraceptive demand.RESULTSThere were 3,417 sexually active participants with no intention of becoming pregnant in the next year. The mean age was 30 (± 8) years, and 17.3% (n = 591) were living with HIV. Overall, 43.9% (n = 1,500) were not using any modern contraceptive method. Recent in-migrants were somewhat more likely to have unsatisfied contraceptive demand as compared to long-term residents (adjusted prevalence risk ratio [adjPRR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.02-1.27), whereas participants living with HIV were less likely to have unsatisfied contraceptive demand relative to HIV-seronegative participants (adjPRR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.70-0.90). When stratifying on migration and HIV serostatus, we observed the highest levels of unsatisfied contraceptive demand among in-migrants living with HIV (48.7%); however, in regression analyses, interaction terms between migration and HIV serostatus were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSUnsatisfied contraceptive demand was high in this rural Ugandan setting. Being an in-migrant, particularly among those living with HIV, was associated with higher unsatisfied contraceptive demand. MEDLINE - Academic
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    Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Seropositivity in South-Central Uganda, During 2019 - 2021
    (Research Square, 2021) Ssuuna, Charles; Galiwango, Ronald Moses; Kankaka, Edward Nelson; Kagaayi, Joseph; Ndyanabo, Anthony; Kigozi, Godfrey; Nakigozi, Gertrude; Lutalo, Tom; Ssekubugu, Robert; Wasswa, John Bosco; Mayinja, Anthony; Nakibuuka, Martina Cathy; Jamiru, Samiri; Oketch, John Baptist; Muwanga, Edward; Chang, Larry William; Grabowski, Mary Kate; Wawer, Maria; Gray, Ronald; Anderson, Mark; Serwadda, David
    Globally, key subpopulations such as healthcare workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. In Uganda, limited access to personal protective equipment amidst lack of clarity on the extent and pattern of the community disease burden may exacerbate this situation. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among high-risk sub-populations in South-central Uganda, including HCWs, persons within the general population previously reporting experiencing key COVID-19 like symptoms (fever, cough, loss of taste and smell) and archived plasma specimens collected between October 2019 – 18th March 2020, prior to confirmation of COVID-19 in Uganda.