Browsing by Author "Busza, Joanna"

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    Condom use within marriage: an assessment of changes in South Africa and Uganda
    (Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/ HIV, 2012) Maharaj, Pranitha; Neema, Stella; Cleland, John; Busza, Joanna; Shah, Iqbal
    The aim ofthe study is to measure trends in condom use in marital and cohabiting relationships in South Africa and Uganda. The data for the study come from two cross sectional surveys conducted in 1998 and 2008 among adult men and women and their partners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and the Jinja district, Uganda. The findings suggest that consistent condom use has risen substantially in both countries. The percentage reporting consistent condom use in the South African sample of husbands increased from 2.5% in 1998 to 12% in 2008 and from 5.5 to 12.5% among wives. In Uganda, the corresponding trends are 1.1 8.3% for husbands and 4 8.6% for wives. In both countries, condom use was considerably higher among the minority of couples where one or both partners were thought to be HIV positive. Increasingly, in both countries condoms are also used for contraceptive purposes. Condoms play a role in preventing HIV infection but the challenge is for prevention programs to broaden their focus toward meeting the needs of married and cohabiting couples.
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    Women who fall by the roadside: gender, sexual risk and alcohol in rural Uganda
    (Addiction, 2006) Wolff, Brent; Busza, Joanna; Bufumbo, Leonard; Whitworth, Jimmy
    To investigate community perceptions about the different relationship between alcohol consumption and sexual risk-taking for men and women in a high HIV prevalence African setting Design and setting Participatory learning and action (PLA) activities were conducted in five rural villages in south-western Uganda in 2002. For each village, discussions and visualization activities over the course of 5 days explored local concepts of fun, drinking alcohol and HIV-related behavioural risks. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) investigated emerging themes. Analysis is based on visual outputs, observation notes and focus group transcripts. Participants Attendance at sex-segregated PLA sessions was open to all village residents. FGDs were purposively sampled from drinkers and general population groups. Findings For men, drinking is conducted invariably outside the home, usually at night in bars, emphasizing independence, masculinity and freedom from domestic responsibilities. For women, drinking outside male supervision challenges feminine ideals of domesticity and signifies potential sexual vulnerability. Accepting drinks from men was viewed as signifying assent to sex and refusal could justify men resorting to sexual coercion. Even though drinking is seen to promote sexual risk, HIV prevention campaigns were considered unwelcome in bars. Communities preferred seminars involving drinkers and non-drinkers alike. Conclusions Public drinking in this community serves as a marker for men willing to exercise privileges of independence (sexual and otherwise) and women willing to defy gender norms (and risk the sexual consequences). The social and symbolic context of drinking suggests why effective HIV prevention around alcohol should not be limited to drinking environments alone.