Browsing by Author "Broliden, Kristina"

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    HIV-1-Neutralizing IgA Detected in Genital Secretions of Highly HIV- 1-Exposed Seronegative Women on Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis
    (Journal of virology, 2016) Lund, Jennifer M.; Broliden, Kristina; Pyra, Maria N.; Thomas, Katherine K.; Donnell, Deborah; Irungu, Elizabeth; Muwonge, Timothy R.; Mugo, Nelly; Manohar, Madhuri; Jansson, Marianne; Mackelprang, Romel; Marzinke, Mark A.; Baeten, Jared M.; Lingappa, Jairam R.
    Although nonhuman primate studies have shown that simian immunodeficiency virus/simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SIV/SHIV) exposure during preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral tenofovir can induce SIV immunity without productive infection, this has not been documented in humans. We evaluated cervicovaginal IgA in Partners PrEP Study participants using a subtype C primary isolate and found that women on PrEP had IgA with higher average human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing magnitude than women on placebo (33% versus 7%; P 0.008). Using a cutoff of>90% HIV-1 neutralization, 19% of women on-PrEP had HIV-1-neutralizing IgA compared to 0% of women on placebo (P 0.09). We also estimated HIV-1 exposure and found that the proportion of women with HIV-1-neutralizing IgA was associated with the level of HIV-1 exposure (P 0.04). Taken together, our data suggest that PrEP and high levels of exposure to HIV may each enhance mucosal HIV-1-specific humoral immune responses in sexually exposed but HIV-1-uninfected individuals.
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    No Difference in Keratin Thickness between Inner and Outer Foreskins from Elective Male Circumcisions in Rakai, Uganda
    (PLoS ONE, 2012) Dinh, Minh H.; Hirbod, Taha; Kigozi, Godfrey; Okocha, Eneniziaogochukwu A.; Cianci, Gianguido C.; Kong, Xiangrong; Prodger, Jessica L.; Broliden, Kristina; Kaul, Rupert; Serwadda, David; Wawer, Maria J.; Gray, Ronald H.; Hope, Thomas J.
    It has been hypothesized that increased HIV acquisition in uncircumcised men may relate to a more thinly keratinized inner foreskin. However, published data are contradictory and potentially confounded by medical indications for circumcision. We tested the hypothesis that the inner foreskin was more thinly keratinized than the outer foreskin using tissues from 19 healthy, HIV-uninfected men undergoing routine prophylactic circumcision in Rakai, Uganda. Sections from 3 foreskin anatomic sites (inner, outer, and frenar band) were snap-frozen separately. Two independent laboratories each separately stained, imaged, and measured keratin thicknesses in a blinded fashion. There was no significant difference in keratin thickness between the inner (mean = 14.6767.48 mm) and outer (mean = 13.3068.49 mm) foreskin, or between the inner foreskin and the frenar band (mean = 16.91612.42 mm). While the frenar band showed the greatest intra-individual heterogeneity in keratin thickness, there was substantial inter-individual variation seen in all regions. Measurements made by the two laboratories showed high correlation (r = 0.741, 95% CI, 0.533–0.864). We conclude that, despite inter- and intra-individual variability, keratin thickness was similar in the inner and outer foreskin of healthy Ugandan men, and that reduced keratin thickness is not likely to make the inner foreskin more susceptible to HIV acquisition.