Browsing by Author "Bashir, Alkali"

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    Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria
    (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2019) Bashir, Alkali; Aliero, Adamu A.; Idris, Abdurrazak M.; Takalmawa, Hamisu U.; Faruk, Sarkinfada; Agwu, Ezera
    Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause serious health care associated complications in hospitalized patients. This leads to prolong hospital stay which increase cost to both healthcare provider and family of the patients. The study aimed at molecular characterisation of A. baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria. A total of 401 samples were collected from orthopedic and post-surgical wound infections, urine, urine catheters and nasal intubation. Acinetobacter spp was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Identification of A. baumannii isolates were done using Phynotypic methods such as culture on Leed Acinetobacter medium, conventional biochemical tests and API 20NE. Suspect Acinetobacter species were further identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequence typing methods. Out of 401 samples collected 138 (34.4%) were positives by yield suspect bacterial isolates 14 (10.1%) of which were suspect A. baumannii. The results of confirmatory sequence typing of isolates showed that 9 (6.5%) of suspect Acinetobacter spp were A. baumannii. The result of susceptibility test showed that A. baumannii isolates were highly resistance to Ampicillin\ salbactam 13 (92.8%) and least resistance to Ciprofloxacin 2 (14.3%) and Amikacin 3 (21.4). The results of this finding showed presence of A. baumannii species resistant to conventional antibiotics and associated with prolonged duration of patients admission in the three studied hospitals. There is need for improved sanitary working condition and proper patients management to reduce the spread of this health care associated infection agent.
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    Phylogenetic analysis of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates from the urinary tract in Bushenyi district, Uganda using the new Clermont phylotyping method
    (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2020) Odoki, Martin; Aliero, Adamu A.; Tibyangye, Julius; Onkoba, Sarah K.; Bashir, Alkali; Maniga, Josephat N.; Eilu, Emmanuel; Wampande, Eddie; Kato, Charles D.; Agwu, Ezera; Bazira, Joel
    Due to the increasing rates of multidrug resistance (MDR) among the Enterobacteriaceae that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), selection of antimicrobial agents for empirical therapy is becoming a major challenge. This study determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles, multidrug resistance profiles, multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI), factors associated with MDR UTIs and the phylogenetic groups of MDR Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urinary tract among patients attending hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 86 bacterial uropathogens isolated from 267 study participants suspected to have UTIs were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests using the Kirby Bauer Disk diffusion method. Data for the factors associated with MDR were obtained by the use of questionnaires. Phylogenetic groups of the MDR E. coli were determined using the new Clermont method for phylotyping E. coli. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression statistical tools were used to determine phylogenetic groups, and assess for statistically significant relationship between MDR UTIs and factors suspected to be associated with MDR UTIs respectively. The isolates assigned as group B2 9/12 (75.0%), B1 2/5 (40.0%) and A 2/7 (28.6%) by using the old Clermont method could not be phylotyped using the new Clermont method and were grouped as non-typeable strains of E. coli. Our study demonstrated high prevalence of the non-typeable strains of MDR E. coli, we therefore recommend the use of modern DNA sequencing-based approaches which is the gold standard for genotyping bacteria, that this current study could not afford
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    Risk Factors and Bacteriological Assessment of Patients on Prolonged Hospital Admission at Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano State, Nigeria
    (IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2020) Bashir, Alkali; Abubakar, Muhammad H.; Takalmawa, Hamisu U.; Agwu, Ezera
    Abstract: Background: Prolonged hospital admissions of patients remain a challenge to healthcare providers and seekers, particularly in resource-limited settings. Bacterial infections contribute significantly to prolonged stay despite numerous advances in research updates on nosocomial bacterial infections, including many suggestions on associated risk factors. This study aimed at evaluating the risk factors and bacteriology of patients on prolonged hospital admission at Murtala Muhammad specialist hospital Kano state (MMSH), Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study design was used to determine the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and prolonged hospital stay, respectively. One hundred and forty (140) swabs and urine samples were collected from the medical, surgical, and accident/orthopedic wards at MMSH. Samples were processed using standard microbiological methods. Prolong hospital stay and its associated factors were assessed using health records and closed-ended questionnaires, respectively. Result: The prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and prolonged hospital stay were 41.43% and 50.50%, respectively. The prevalence of HCAIs, according to the site of infection, showed that urinary tract infections (UTIs) had the highest prevalence of 58.89%. The distribution of bacterial pathogens showed E. coli was having the highest distribution of 22.40%. Lack of qualified staff, training, equipment, essential drugs, and quality assurance statistically linked with risk factors associated with a prolonged hospital stay in the studied hospital. Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of HCAIs and prolongs hospital stays in the MMSH and has indicated some risk factors associated with the findings with E. coli being the most frequently isolated bacteria.
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    Superbugs-related prolonged admissions in three tertiary hospitals, Kano State, Nigeria
    (Pan African Medical Journal, 2019) Bashir, Alkali; Garba, Iliyasu; Aliero, Adamu A.; Kibiya, Abdurrazak; Abubakar, Muhammad H.; Ntulume, Ibrahim; Sarkinfada, Faruk; Agwu, Ezera
    superbugs are pathogenic micro-organism and especially a bacterium that has developed resistance to the medications normally used against it. As the superbug family increases, the need for appropriate diagnostic, treatment, prevention and control strategies cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, this work determined the distribution of superbug bacteria among patients on prolonged hospital admissions in three tertiary hospitals of Kano state, Nigeria. Methods: a descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken among 401 patients from medical, surgery, orthopedic and burn centre wards in a three tertiary hospitals in Kano state. A sample collected comprises wound/pus, urine, urine catheter and nasal intubation and were analysed using standard microbiological methods for Acinetobacter spp and other related nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: one hundred and thirty eight (138) isolates were recovered, from the studied participants. More than 80% of the nosocomial infections (NIs) were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Escherichia coli, Klebseilla spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomona spp and Acinetobacter spp. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that acinetobacter were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, perfloxacin and imipenem. Conclusion: Superbugs (Acinetobacter species) significantly contributed to delayed hospital admissions through observed 100% resistance to used antibiotics. The healthcare managers of these hospitals and the ministry of health need to take measures against this resistant bacteria (Acinetobacter spp) especially on prescribing antibiotics that showed 100% resistant from these studied hospitals.