Browsing by Author "Atwine, Raymond"

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    Association between HIV Serostatus and premalignant cervical lesions among women attending a cervical cancer screening clinic at a tertiary care facility in southwestern Uganda: a comparative cross-sectional study
    (BMC, 2024-04) Kirabira, Justus; Kayondo, Musa; Bawakanya, Stephen Mayanja; Nsubuga, Edirisa Juniour; Yarine, Fajardo; Namuli, Alexcer; Namugumya, Rita; Natulinda, Christine Hilda; Atwine, Raymond; Birungi, Abraham; Lugobe, Henry Mark; Tibaijuka, Leevan; Kisombo, Dean; Jjuuko, Mark; Agaba, David Collins; Saturday, Pascal; Atupele, Subira Mlangwa; Tumusiime, Matthew; Migisha, Richard; Kajabwangu, Rogers
    Abstract Background Uganda has approximately 1.2 million people aged 15–64 years living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of premalignant cervical lesions among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women. Additionally, HIV-infected women are more likely to have human papilloma virus (HPV) infection progress to cancer than women not infected with HIV. We determined the prevalence of premalignant cervical lesions and their association with HIV infection among women attending a cervical cancer screening clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in southwestern Uganda. Methods We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study of 210 women aged 22–65 years living with HIV and 210 women not living with HIV who were systematically enrolled from March 2022 to May 2022. Participants were subjected to a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire to obtain their demographic and clinical data. Additionally, Papanicolaou smears were obtained for microscopy to observe premalignant cervical lesions. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the association between HIV status and premalignant cervical lesions. Results The overall prevalence of premalignant cervical lesions in the study population was 17% (n = 72; 95% C.I: 14.1–21.4), with 23% (n = 47; 95% C.I: 17.8–29.5) in women living with HIV and 12% (n = 25; 95% C.I: 8.2–17.1) in women not living with HIV (p < 0.003). The most common premalignant cervical lesions identified were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in both women living with HIV (74.5%; n = 35) and women not living with HIV (80%; n = 20). HIV infection was significantly associated with premalignant lesions (aOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.27–4.42; p = 0.007). Conclusion Premalignant cervical lesions, particularly LSILs, were more common in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women, highlighting the need to strengthen the integration of cervical cancer prevention strategies into HIV care programs.
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    High Expression of WT1 and Low Expression of p53 in Archived Blocks of Children with Wilms Tumor in South Western Uganda
    (Dove, 2024-03) Ssenkumba, Brian; Atwiine, Barnabas; Mitala, Yekosani; Adongo, Janet; Olowo, Samuel; Nabulya, Rita; Diaz Anaya, Amnia; Atwine, Raymond
    Abstract Brian Ssenkumba,1 Barnabas Atwiine,2,3 Yekosani Mitala,1 Janet Adongo,4 Samuel Olowo,4 Rita Nabulya,1 Amnia Diaz Anaya,1 Raymond Atwine1 1Department of Pathology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; 2Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; 3Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda; 4Department of Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, UgandaCorrespondence: Brian Ssenkumba, Department of Pathology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 1410, Mbarara, Uganda, Tel +256701364029, Email ssenkumbabrianldp15@gmail.comPurpose: The determination of the presence or absence of anaplasia in Wilms tumor is difficult sometimes creating diagnostic errors and is worsened by the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which causes cellular alterations that may mimic anaplasia. This study described the histological features of Wilms tumor and their association with WT1 and p53 expression in archived specimens in South Western Uganda.Patients and Methods: A series of 308 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks belonging to 85 children were retrospectively recruited in the only public Histopathology laboratory in South Western Uganda. Rabbit monoclonal Anti-Wilms tumor protein antibody [(CAN-R9) IHC-56-2] ab89901 and rabbit monoclonal Anti-p53 antibody [E26] ab32389 were used to assess the expression of WT1 and p53, respectively. The expression of WT1 and p53 were reported as proportions, Chi-square was also performed to assess for associations and statistical significance was considered when the p-value was less than 0.05.Results: The median age was 3.5 with an interquartile range of (2– 6) years. Mixed histology was the most common at 35.29% (95% CI:25.77– 46.14). Anaplasia was present in 5.88% (95% CI:2.44– 13.52) of the specimens. p53 and WT1 expressions were 13.0% (95% CI:7.25– 22.04), and 41.0% (95% CI: 31.11– 52.04), respectively. Conclusion: Mixed-type histology is the most common histologic feature of Wilms tumor with high expression of WT1 and a low expression of p53 implying that these can be used routinely to confirm the diagnosis as well as anaplasia in South Western Uganda. Keywords: children, Wilms tumor, p53, WT1, South Western Uganda